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Module 2 Motion

The document discusses the principles of motion as understood by Aristotle and Galileo, highlighting their differing views on vertical, horizontal, and projectile motion. It outlines Aristotle's classification of motion into natural, violent, and celestial categories, and contrasts this with Galileo's assertion that force is not necessary to maintain horizontal motion and that objects fall with uniform acceleration. The document also introduces Newton's Laws of Motion, which further discredit Aristotelian views.

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Markjustine Manlangit
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2 views

Module 2 Motion

The document discusses the principles of motion as understood by Aristotle and Galileo, highlighting their differing views on vertical, horizontal, and projectile motion. It outlines Aristotle's classification of motion into natural, violent, and celestial categories, and contrasts this with Galileo's assertion that force is not necessary to maintain horizontal motion and that objects fall with uniform acceleration. The document also introduces Newton's Laws of Motion, which further discredit Aristotelian views.

Uploaded by

Markjustine Manlangit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physical Science

Quarter 2
Module 2

Investigating Principles
Governing
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be
able to:
1.Compare and contrast the Aristotelean and
Galilean conceptions of vertical motion,
horizontal motion, and projectile motion.
2.Explain how Galileo inferred that objects in
vacuum fall in uniform acceleration and that
force is not necessary to retain horizontal
motion.
3.Explain the distinction between Newton’s 1st
Law of Motion & Galileo’s assertion that force is
MOTION
It is the movement or
change in location of
an object over time
ARISTOTLE
 He was a student of Plato
and later became the tutor
of Alexander the Great
 He made significant
contributions to various
fields of knowledge
including philosophy,
science, logic, and ethics.
How did Aristotle define
motion? (in terms of an
object)
Aristotle:
“every object has a proper place in
the universe”
For example: A stone falling to the
ground is considered a natural motion
because it is moving towards its
stotle classified motion into three categories

1. 3.
Natural 2. Violent
Celestial
motion motion
motion
 According to Aristotle:
Natural motion is inherent to
objects based on their
elemental composition
(solid, liquid, or gas).
 He believed that each
element had a natural place
in the universe and that
objects naturally moved
toward their proper place.
 Thought to be either straight
 For example: Earth and Water naturally
moved downward, while Fire and Air
moved upward.
Aristotle:
“Heavy things fall on the
ground and very light things
rise in the sky”

 He thought that the speed of


an object’s fall was directly
proportional to its weight
 Refers to the motion that is
forced or imposed on an
object. It is considered
unnatural because it goes
against the object’s natural
tendencies. For instance,
throwing a stone upward or
pushing an object horizontally
are examples of violent
motion.
 It was the result of forces that
Celestial motion was different
from the motion observed on
Earth. While earthly objects were
subject to the four elements and
exhibited natural or violent
motion. Celestial bodies, being
composed of a fifth element
called Aether, had a unique type
of motion. He described this
celestial motion as eternal,
uniform, and perfect, while the
One key aspect of
Aristotle’s
understanding of
motion:
was the belief that an
object’s motion would
naturally come to a stop if
no force was continuously
applied to it. He stated that
Galileo Galilei
 He was an Italian
physicist, astronomer,
astronomer, and
philosopher.
 He is often referred to as
the father of modern
science and made
significant contributions
to various fields,
including physics,
Invented the
telescope
One of his most
significant
discoveries was the
observation of the
four largest moons of
Jupiter, now known as
the Galilean moons:
One of Galileo’s great contributions
to physics was demolishing the
notion that a force is necessary to
keep an object moving.

He argued that an object can move


freely in the absence of friction.
Thus, when friction is present, a
force is needed to keep the object
WHAT IS FRICTION?
It is the force that acts
between materials that
touch as they move part
each other. It is caused by
the irregularities in the
surfaces of objects that are
touching.
“If friction is
absent, a
moving object
would need no
force to remain
in motion”
 Galileo tested his idea by rolling balls
along plane surfaces titled at different
angles (an inclined plane)
Why did the ball stop?
Galileo stated that if friction were
entirely absent, a ball moving
horizontally will move forever. No push
or pull would be required to keep it
moving once it is set in motion.
He asserted that:
 the speed of a body is directly proportional
to the time it travels a path. As the speed
increases, the distance traveled also
increases.

The distance covered by a moving body is


directly proportional to the square of time
interval, implying that the speed of a falling
object depends not on the body’s weight
but on the time of fall. Its speed is
SPEED- rate of change in
SPEED-TIME GRAPH distance with respect to time.
(scalar quantity)
VELOCITY- rate of change in
displacement with respect to
time. (vector quantity)
 the speed of a body is
directly proportional to
the time it travels a
path. As the speed
increases, the distance
traveled also
The property of a body to resist changes
in motion is called INERTIA
SITUATION: A ball rolling on the
ground (Horizontal motion)
SITUATION: Falling objects (Vertical motion)
SITUATION: Falling objects
GALILEO AND HIS CANNON BALL EXPERIMENT
He dropped off objects
of different weights,
sizes, and materials-
cannon balls, musket
balls, gold, silver, and
wood.
He wanted to find out
which objects fall
faster.
It paved
the way
for
discoverin
g the
principle
of uniform
accelerati
 Galileo also observed that falling
objects increase their speed as they
go down.

 He coined this change in speed as


ACCELERATION.
DISTANCE-TIME GRAPH
The distance-time graph is the plot of the distance traveled by a
body against time.
VELOCITY-TIME GRAPH
shows how velocity changes over time. The slope, equal to rise
over run, is equal to the acceleration of the object
ACCELERATION-TIME GRAPH
show the acceleration of an object as it moves
in a straight line
SITUATION: Planetary motion
SITUATION: projectile motion
motion of an object thrown (projected) into the air.
ARISTOTLE GALILEO

Coined the Explained


concept of that
Antiperistasis-
projectiles
the medium
through which follow a
the projectile curved path
moved with
provided the horizontal
Galileo died and Isaac Newton was born.
By the age
Together,
of 23,
Galileo and
Newton
Newton
gave the
discredited
world his
the
famous
Aristotelian
Three Laws
view of
of Motion
motion
The 3 Laws of Motion
1.Law of Inertia
States that an object at
rest will remain at rest
and an object in motion
will remain in motion
with a constant velocity
unless acted upon by an
external force.
SITUATION: A ball rolling on the ground
SITUATION: Falling objects
SITUATION: Planetary Motion
Thank you
for
listening!!!
Prepared by:

Mrs. Sylvia D. Lacwin

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