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K03052 Trigonometry

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17 views16 pages

K03052 Trigonometry

OK

Uploaded by

muiz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2.

4 Differentiation Of Trigonometric
Functions

2.4a Derivatives of the functions sin x, cos x, tan x,


sec x, cot x, and cosec x.
d
a) d (sin x)  cos x d) (cot x)  cos ec 2 x
dx dx
d d
b) (cos x)   sin x e) (sec x) sec x tan x
dx dx
d d
c) (tan x) sec 2 x f) (cos ecx)  cos ec x cot x
dx dx

Note : Differentiation of the above formulae are only


true for angles which are measured in radians.
Example 1:
Prove that :
a.) d b.) d
( sin x ) cos x (tan x ) sec 2 x
dx dx
Solution:
a.)
d sin ( x  h )  sin x
( sin x )  lim
dx = h 0 h
sin x cos h  cos x sin h  sin x
lim
h
= h  0sin x (cos h  1) sin h
lim  cos x
h 0 h h
= cos x ( Proved )
Note:
cos h  1 sin h
lim 0 and lim 1
h 0 h h  0 h
b) d ( tan x ) = sec2 x
dx
Let, y = tan x
 y = sin x
cos x
d d
cos x (sin x )  sin x ( cos x )
dy dx dx

dx (cos 2 x )
= cos x cos x  sin x (  sin x )
cos 2 x
cos 2
x  sin 2
x 1
= =
cos 2 x cos 2 x

= sec2 x (Proved)
Example 2:

Differentiate with respect to x.


a) 2 sin x – 3 cos x
5
b) 4 tan x -
x
c) 4 cos x + 3 tan x

d) 4 sin x – 5 – 6 cos x
Solution :
d
a) ( 2 sin x - 3 cos x ) 2 cos x  3 (  sin x)
dx
2 cos x  3 sin x

d -1 2 5
b) ( 4 tan x - 5 x )  4 sec x 
dx x2

d
c) ( 4 cos x  3 tan x )   4 sin x  3 sec 2 x
dx
3 sec 2 x  4 sin x

d
d) ( 4 sin x - 5 - 6 cos x ) 4 cos x  6 sin x
dx
Example 3:

Find the gradient of each of the following curves at the


given point on the given curve:


a) y = x – sin x, x=
2

b) y = 2 sin x – x2, x=  
c) y = - 4 cos x, x=
2
Solution :
a) d ( x - sin x ) 1  cos x b) d ( 2 sin x - x 2 ) 2 cos x  2 x
dx dx

When x = When x =  
2
dy  dy
1  cos 2 cos (  π)  2(- π )
dx 2 dx
,  2  2
1 2 (   1)
c) d ( - 4 cos x ) 4 sin x
dx

When x =,
2
dy 
4 sin ( )
dx 2
4
2.4b Derivatives of the functions sin u, cos u, tan
u, sec u, cot u, and cosec u.
If u = f(x)
a) d (sin u )  cos u du b) d du
(cos u )   sin u
dx dx dx dx

c) d (tan u ) sec 2 u du d) d 2 du
dx dx (cot u )  cos ec u
dx dx

e) d (sec u ) sec u tan u du f) d du


dx dx (cos ecu)  cos ec u cot u
dx dx
Example 1:
Find the derivatives of :
a) cos ( 5x + 4 ) b) sin ( ln x )

c) tan( 1   3 x ) d) sec ( 2x + 3 )
6
Solution:

a) d ( cos ( 5x  4 ) )  sin (5 x  4 ) d( 5 x  4 )
dx dx
= - 5 sin ( 5x + 4 )
b) d (sin ( ln x ) ) cos (ln x ) d( ln x )
dx dx

= cos ( ln x )
x
c) d ( tan 1   3x ) sec 2 ( tan 1   3x ) d ( tan 1   3x )
dx 6 6 dx 6
1
=-3 sec2 (   3x )
6

d) d ( sec ( 2x  3 ) ) sec ( 2x  3 ) tan ( 2x  3 ) d ( 2 x  3 )


dx dx
2 sec ( 2x  3 ) tan ( 2x  3 )
2.4c Derivatives of sinn u, cosn u, tann u (Change Rule)
If u = f(x),
d n n 1 d
a) ( sin u ) n sin u (sin u )
dx dx
d n n 1 d
b) ( cos u ) n cos u (cos u )
dx dx
d n n 1 d
c) (tan u ) n tan u (tan u )
dx dx
d) d (cos ec n u ) n cos ec n  1 u d (cos ec u )
dx dx

e) d (sec n u ) n sec n  1 u d (sec u )


dx dx
d n n 1 d
f) (cot u ) n cot u (cot u )
dx dx
Example 1:
Differentiate each of the following functions with respect to x.
a) y = sec2 x b) y = sin2 ( x2 + 1 )

c) y = cosec2 x d) y = cot2 x

Solution:

a) dy d b) dy 2 sin ( x 2  1) d  sin( x 2  1) 
2 sec x ( sec x) dx dx
dx dx
2 sec x sec x tan x 2 sin ( x 2  1)  cos ( x 2  1) (2 x)
 
2 sec 2 x tan x 4 x sin ( x 2  1) cos ( x 2  1)
c) dy d) dy d
= 2 cosec x d (cosec x) 2 cot x ( cot x)
dx dx dx dx
= 2 cosec x (-cosec x cot x) 2 cot x ( cos ec 2 x)
= -2 cosec2 x cot x  2 cot x cos ec 2 x

Miscellaneous Examples:

Find the derivatives of the following functions and expressions

a) y = x 2  sec (2 x  3) b) cosec2 ( x2 + 1 ) c) sin x cos3 x

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