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CHAPTER 20 protists

Protists are eukaryotic organisms that do not belong to the kingdoms Plantae, Animalia, or Fungi, and are classified based on their nutritional methods into animallike, plantlike, and funguslike groups. Animallike protists, or protozoans, include four phyla distinguished by their movement, while plantlike protists, known as algae, are classified into several phyla based on cellular characteristics. Funguslike protists, which absorb nutrients from decaying matter, include slime molds and water molds, playing important roles in recycling organic material.

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8 views12 pages

CHAPTER 20 protists

Protists are eukaryotic organisms that do not belong to the kingdoms Plantae, Animalia, or Fungi, and are classified based on their nutritional methods into animallike, plantlike, and funguslike groups. Animallike protists, or protozoans, include four phyla distinguished by their movement, while plantlike protists, known as algae, are classified into several phyla based on cellular characteristics. Funguslike protists, which absorb nutrients from decaying matter, include slime molds and water molds, playing important roles in recycling organic material.

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CHAPTER 20

PROTISTS
SECTION 1

T H E K I N G D O M P R O T I S TA
What Is a Protist?

A protist is any
organism that is not a plant,
an animal, a fungus, or a
prokaryote. Protists are
eukaryotes that are not
members of the kingdom
Plantae, Animalia, or Fungi.
Euplotes

Radiolarian

Spirogyra
Evolution of
Protists
Protist formal name is “Protista”, comes from Greek meaning “the
very first”. Lynn Margulis has hypothesized that the first eukaryotes evolved
from a symbiosis of several cells. Mitochondria and Chloroplast found in
eukaryotic cells may be descended from aerobic and photosynthetic prokaryotes
that began to live inside larger cells.

Classification of
Protist
One way to classify protist is according to the
way they obtain nutrition. So we have:
 Animallike protists- hetetrophs
 Plantlike protists- produce their own food
 Funguslike protists- descomposers or parasite
SECTION 2

ANIMALLIKE PROTISTS: PROTOZOANS


Animallike Protists
There are four phyla of animallike protists, they are distinguish by
their means and movements.

 Zooflagellates
This animallike protists swim using flagella.
 Sarcodines
Animallike protists that use pseudopods for feeding and movement.
 Ciliates
They use cilia for feeding and movemnet.
 Sporozoans
This ones does not move by their own and are parasitic.

Animallike Protist and Disease


Some animallike protists cause serious diseases, including malaria
and African sleeping sickness.
SECTION 3

P L A N T L I K E P R O T I S T S : U N I C E L LU L A R
ALGAE
Plantlike Protists
Plantlike protists are normally called “algae”. There are 7 major phyla
of algae classified according to a variety of cellular characteristics. The first
four phyla, which contain unicellular organisms, are the ones we will talk about.
Plantlike protists are classified as:

 Euglenophytes
This ones have two flagellas but not cell wall.
 Chrysophytes
This ones have gold-colored chloroplast.
 Diatoms
This ones produce thin, delicate cell walls rich in silicon. They are the
main component for glass.
 Dinoflagellates
One half of this ones are photosynthetic; the other are heterotrophs

Chlorophyll and Accessory Pigments


Many algae have compound called accesory pigments tha absorb
light at different wavelengths than chlorophyll. Chlorophyll and accessory
pigments allow algae to harvest and use the energy from sunlight.
SECTION 4

P L A N T L I K E P R O T I S T S : R E D , B R O W N, A N D
GREEN ALGAE
Red , Brown , and Green
Algae There are three phyla of algae that are largely multicellular are
commonly known as:

 Red algae
Red alga are able to live at great depths due to their efficiency in
harvesting light energy.
 Brown algae
Brown algae cantain chlorophyll a and c, as well as fucoxnthin.
 Green algae
Green algae share many characteristics with plants, including their
photosynthetic pigments and cell wall composition.

The most important differences among these phyla involve their


photosynthetic pigments. The life cycle of many algae include both a diploid
and haploid cell.
SECTION 5

FUNGUSLIKE PROTISTS
Funguslike Protists
Like fungi, the funguslike protists are heterotrophs that absorb
nutrients from dead or decaying organic matter. But unlike most true fungi,
funguslike protists have centrioles. They also lack the chitin cell walls of true
fungi. The funguslike protists include the slime molds as:

 Cellular slime mold


Cellular slime molds are individual cells that are separated by cell
mambranes during every phase of the mold´s life. They spend most of they life
as free-living cells and they are not easily distinguishable from soil amoebas.
 Acellular slime mold
Acellular slime molds is when sell´s fuse to form large cells with many
nuclei.
 Water mold
Other name for water molds is “oomycetes”. Oomycetes thrive on
dead or decaying organic matter in water and some are plant parasites on land.
Water molds display both sexual and asexual reproduction.

Slime molds are funguslike protists that play key roles en recycling
organic material.

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