Scribd
Upload
6 views

Transformer

A transformer is an electrical device that transfers energy between circuits using electromagnetic induction, without direct electrical connections. It can step up or step down voltage, with primary and secondary coils working through a magnetic core to induce voltage changes. Transformers are essential in power distribution and come in various types based on voltage levels, core medium, and winding arrangements.

Uploaded by

ۦۦ ۦۦ ۦۦ ۦۦ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

Transformer

A transformer is an electrical device that transfers energy between circuits using electromagnetic induction, without direct electrical connections. It can step up or step down voltage, with primary and secondary coils working through a magnetic core to induce voltage changes. Transformers are essential in power distribution and come in various types based on voltage levels, core medium, and winding arrangements.

Uploaded by

ۦۦ ۦۦ ۦۦ ۦۦ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

TRANSF

ORMER
A transformer is an electrical device that transfers
electrical energy from one circuit to another using
electromagnetic induction. This means it does not have
direct electrical connections between the two circuits
but works through a magnetic field.

Think of it like a WiFi signal—your phone and router


aren’t physically connected, but information still
transfers between them wirelessly. Similarly, a
transformer transfers electricity from one coil to
another without direct contact.
The transformer is basically a voltage control device
that is used widely in the distribution and transmission
of alternating current power. The idea of a transformer
was first discussed by Michael Faraday in the year
1831 and was carried forward by many other
prominent science scholars. However, the general
purpose of using transformers was to maintain a
balance between the electricity that was generated at
very high voltages and consumption which was done at
very low voltages.
The transformer, in a simple way, can be described as a
device that steps up or steps down voltage. In a step-up
transformer, the output voltage is increased, and in a
step-down transformer, the output voltage is decreased.
The step-up transformer will decrease the output
current, and the step-down transformer will increase
the output current to keep the input and output power
of the system equal.
How Does a Transformer Work?

A transformer consists of:

1. Primary Coil (Input Side) – The coil where the


electricity enters.

2. Secondary Coil (Output Side) – The coil where the


electricity exits.

3. Iron Core – A magnetic material that helps direct the


magnetic field between the coils.
When alternating current (AC) flows through the
primary coil, it creates a changing magnetic field
around it. This changing field induces a voltage in the
secondary coil, allowing electricity to be transferred.

💡 Key Idea: This process is based on Faraday’s Law of


Electromagnetic Induction, which states that a
changing magnetic field can generate electricity in a
nearby coil.
To determine how a transformer changes voltage, we
use the turns ratio formula:
Example: If a transformer has 100 turns in the primary
coil and 200 turns in the secondary coil, the voltage
will double. If the input voltage is 110V, the output
voltage will be 220V.
💡 Key Idea:

More turns in the secondary coil → Higher voltage


(Step-Up Transformer).

Fewer turns in the secondary coil → Lower voltage


(Step-Down Transformer).
Transformer Types
Transformers are used in various fields like
power generation grid, distribution sector,
transmission and electric energy
consumption. There are various types of
transformers which are classified based on
the following factors:
• Working voltage range
• The medium used in the core
• Winding arrangement
• Installation location
Based on Voltage Levels
Commonly used transformer types, depending
on the voltage, are classified as follows:

• Step-up
Transformer: They
are used between the
power generator and
the power grid. The
secondary output
voltage is higher than
the input voltage.
Based on Voltage Levels
Commonly used transformer types, depending
on the voltage, are classified as follows:

• Step-down
Transformer: These
transformers are
used to convert
high-voltage
primary supply to
low-voltage
secondary output.
Based on the Medium of Core Used
In a transformer, we will find different types
of cores that are used.

• Air Core
Transformer: An air
core transformer is
a type of
transformer that
uses air instead of a
magnetic core to
transfer radio-
Based on the Winding Arrangement
In a transformer, we will find different types
of cores that are used.

• Autotransformer: is an
electrical transformer with
only one winding. The "auto"
prefix refers to the single coil
acting alone. In an
autotransformer, portions of
the same winding act as both
the primary winding and
Working Principle of a Transformer
The transformer works on the principle of
Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction and mutual
induction.
There are usually two coils – primary coil and
secondary coil – on the transformer core. The core
laminations are joined in the form of strips. The two
coils have high mutual inductance. When an
alternating current passes through the primary coil, it
creates a varying magnetic flux. As per Faraday’s law
of electromagnetic induction, this change in magnetic
flux induces an EMF (electromotive force) in the
secondary coil, which is linked to the core having a
Working Principle of a Transformer
Working Principle of a Transformer
Overall, a transformer carries out the following
operations:
1.Transfer of electrical energy from one circuit to
another
2.Transfer of electrical power through
electromagnetic induction
3.Electric power transfer without any change in
frequency
4.Two circuits are linked with mutual induction
Parts of a Single-phase Transformer
Core
The core acts as a support to the winding in the
transformer. It also provides a low reluctance path to
the flow of magnetic flux. The winding is wound on the
core, as shown in the picture. It is made up of a
laminated soft iron core in order to reduce the losses
in a transformer. The factors, such as operating
voltage, current, power, etc., decide core composition.
The core diameter is directly proportional to copper
losses and inversely proportional to iron losses.
Windings
Windings are the set of copper wires wound over the
transformer core. Copper wires are used due to the
following:
• The high conductivity of copper minimises the loss
in a transformer because when the conductivity
increases, resistance to current flow decreases.
• The high ductility of copper is the property of
metals that allows it to be made into very thin
wires.
Primary windings and Secondary windings.
• Primary winding: The set of turns of windings to
which the supply current is fed.
• Secondary winding: The set of turns of winding
from which output is taken.
The primary and secondary windings are insulated
from each other using insulation coating agents.
Insulation Agents
Insulation is necessary for transformers to separate
windings from each other and to avoid short circuits.
This facilitates mutual induction. Insulation agents
have an influence on the durability and stability of a
transformer.
The following are used as insulation mediums in a
transformer:
• Insulating oil
• Insulating tape
• Insulating paper
• Wood-based lamination

You might also like