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Lecture 15

The document discusses flow measurement techniques, specifically the mid-section and mean-section methods for calculating discharge in streams. It includes examples of gauging operations and calculations using current meter data and the Manning equation. The final discharge calculation for a rectangular channel is also provided, demonstrating the application of Manning's equation.

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18 views

Lecture 15

The document discusses flow measurement techniques, specifically the mid-section and mean-section methods for calculating discharge in streams. It includes examples of gauging operations and calculations using current meter data and the Manning equation. The final discharge calculation for a rectangular channel is also provided, demonstrating the application of Manning's equation.

Uploaded by

hozifajalalzai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

Flow Measurement

Continues…Part-2
Week-15
(i) Mid-section method.
In this method, the vertical in which the velocity measurements are made (by one-point or two-
points method) is taken as the middle of the strip,
and
the water depth (d) in the vertical (determined by sounding) is taken as the mean depth of the
strip, Fig. 6.7 (a).
In this method, the discharge in the two-triangular
bits near the ends are not included in the
discharge computation
(ii) Mean-section method
Two verticals and the mean depth is taken as the average of
the depths in the two verticals (determined by sounding).
The width of the strip is distance b between the two verticals.
The velocity in the strip is taken as the average of the mean
velocity determined in the two verticals (by one-point or two-
points method),
Example 6.1 The following data were collected for a stream at a gauging
station. Compute the
discharge.

Rating equation of current meter: v = 0.3 N + 0.05, N = rps, v = velocity, (m/sec), Rev.-
Revolutions, Sectime
For the first and last sections, the
segments are taken to have triangular
areas and area calculated as:
ΔA1 = . y1 where

ΔAN = . yN-1 where


From Book of Subramanyam
Example 4.1: The data pertaining to a
stream-gauging operation at a gauging
site are given below. The rating equation
of the current meter is v= 0.51 Ns + 0.03
m/s where Ns = revolutions per second.
Distanc 0 1.0 3.0 5.0 7.0 9.0 11.0 12.0
Calculate the discharge in the stream.
e from
LEW
(m)
Depth 0 1.1 2.0 2.5 2.0 1.7 1.0 0
(m)
Rev. N 0 39 58 112 90 45 30 0
of
current
meter
at 0.6d
Time (s) 0 100 100 150 150 100 100 0
For the first and last sections,

Average width =

For the rest of the segments,


LEW (m) Avg. Depth, y Ns = Avg. Segmenta
Width, W (m) Rev. / Velocity , l
(m) second v (m/s) discharge
ΔQ (m3/s)
0 0 0 0.0000
1 2 1.10 0.390 0.2289 0.5036
3 2 2.00 0.580 0.3258 1.3032
5 2 2.50 0.747 0.4110 2.0549
7 2 2.00 0.600 0.3360 1.3440
9 2 1.70 0.450 0.2595 0.8823
11 2 1.00 0.300 0.1830 0.3660
12 0 0.00 0.0000
Sum = 6.4540

Discharge in the stream = 6.454


m3/s
Use of Manning Equation
Stage is also related to the outflow via a
relationship such as Manning's equation

1.49
Q ARh S f
2 1
3 2

n
Where A = Area of cross section
n = Manning’s Constant
Sf = Frictional Slope
Rh = Hydraulic Radius
Example: 02
Find discharge in a rectangular channel having
Manning’s n = 0.04, Sf = 0.0005, width of 5 m
and depth of flow of 1.5 m.

n = 0.04; Sf = 0.0005; B = 5 m; y = 1.5 m


R = A / P where ‘P’ is the wetted perimeter
P = 5 + 2 x 1.5 = 5 + 3 = 8 m
Area, A = 5 x 1.5 = 7.5 m2
R = A / P = 7.5 / 8 = 0.94 m
Discharge, Q = A (1/n) R2/3 Sf1/2 = 7.5 x (1/0.04)
x (0.94)0.667 x (0.0005)0.5 = 4.02 m3/s

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