The Speech

Writing Process
Audience Analysis
Audience analysis entails looking into the
profile of your target audience. This is done so
you can tailor-fit your speech content and
delivery to your audience.
 Audience Analysis
The profile includes the following information:
• demography (age range, male-female ratio, educational
background, and affiliations or degree program taken,
nationality, economic status, academic or corporate
designations)
• situation (time, venue, occasion, and size)
• psychology (values, beliefs, attitudes, preferences, cultural
and racial ideologies, and needs)
Audience Analysis
 PURPOSE
The purpose of writing and delivering the
speech can be classified into three—to inform, to
entertain, or to persuade.
 PURPOSE
• An informative speech provides the audience with a
clear understanding of the concept or idea presented by
the speaker.
• An entertainment speech provides the audience with
amusement.
• A persuasive speech provides the audience with well-
argued ideas that can influence their own beliefs and
decisions
 PURPOSE
General Purpose Specific Purpose

To inform • To inform Grade 11 students about the process of

conducting an automated student government election
• To inform Grade 11 students about the definition and
relevance of information literacy today
• To inform Grade 11 students about the importance of
effective money Management
General Purpose Specific Purpose
To entertain To entertain Grade 11 students with his/her funny experiences
in automated election
To entertain Grade 11 students with interesting observations of
people who lack information literacy
To entertain Grade 11 students with the success stories of the
people in the community
To persuade
To persuade the school administrators to switch from manual to
automated student government election
To persuade Grade 11 students to develop information literacy
skills
To persuade the school administrators to promote financial
literacy among students
 TOPIC
The topic is the focal point of your speech, which can
be determined once you have decided on your purpose. If
you are free to decide on a topic, choose one that really
interests you. There are a variety of strategies used in
selecting a topic, such as using your personal experiences,
discussing with your family members or friends, free
writing, listing, asking questions, or semantic webbing.
Narrowing down a topic means making your main
idea more specific and focused. The strategies in
selecting a topic can also be used when you narrow
down a topic.
General Purpose To inform

Specific purpose To inform Grade 11 students on the importance of

effective money management

Topic Financial literacy or effective money management

Narrowing down a topic Effective money management

through listing Effective money management of Grade 11 students
Developing an effective money management of
Grade 11 students
Defining and developing effective money
management skills of Grade 11 students
 Data Gathering
Data gathering is the stage where you collect
ideas, information, sources, and references
relevant or related to your specific topic.
 Outlines
• An outline is a hierarchical list that shows the
relationship of your ideas.
• A good outline helps you see that all the ideas are
in line with your main idea or message.
• The elements of an outline include an introduction,
body, and conclusion.
Outlines
Outlines
 INTRODUCTION
The introduction is the foundation of your speech.
Here, your primary goal is to get your audience’s
attention and present the subject or main idea of
your speech. Your first few words should do so.
 INTRODUCTION
The following are some strategies.
• Use a real-life experience and connect that
experience to your subject.
• Use practical examples and explain their
connection to your subject.
 INTRODUCTION
• Start with a familiar or strong quote and then
explain what it means.
• Use facts or statistics and highlight their
importance to your subject.
• Tell a personal story to illustrate your point.
 BODY
• The body of the speech provides explanations,
examples, or any details that can help you deliver
your purpose and explain the main idea of your
speech.
 BODY
The following are some strategies to highlight your
main idea:
• Present real-life or practical examples
• Show statistics
• Present comparisons
• Share ideas from the experts or practitioners
 CONCLUSION
The conclusion restates the main idea of your
speech. Furthermore, it provides a summary,
emphasizes the message, and calls for action. While
the primary goal of the introduction is to get the
attention of your audience, the conclusion aims to
leave the audience with a memorable statement.
 CONCLUSION
The following are some strategies.
• Begin your conclusion with a restatement of your message.
• Use positive examples, encouraging words, or memorable
lines from songs or stories familiar
to your audience.
• Ask a question or series of questions that can make your
audience reflect or ponder.
 Writing Patterns
Structures that will help you organize the ideas
related to your topic. Examples are biographical,
categorical/topical, causal, chronological,
comparison/contrast, and problem-solution.
Pattern Descriptions Examples

Biographical
Presents descriptions of Specific To inform my audience
your life or of a person, Purpose about my grandfather, the
famous or not late former President
Ramon Magsaysay

Specific
Topic Describing the life and
works of my grandfather,
the late former President
Ramon Magsaysay
Pattern Descriptions Examples

Categorical/
Topical Presents related Specific To persuade the community
categories Purpose members to reduce, reuse, and
supporting the recycle as means of eliminating
topic garbage and protecting the
environment

Specific Why the community members

Topic should promote reducing, reusing,
and Recycling
Pattern Descriptions Examples

Causal Presents cause-

effect Specific To inform my audience on
relationships Purpose the effects of overeating

Specific Explaining the possible

Topic effects of overeating to one’s
health
Pattern Descriptions Examples

Chronological Presents the idea To inform my audience

in time order Specific about the significant events
Purpose in the 1986 EDSA Revolution
or People Power

Specific Describing the significant

Topic events before, during,
and after the 1986 EDSA
Revolution or People Power
Pattern Descriptions Examples

Comparison/ Presents To persuade the audience

contrast comparison/ Specific that living in the Philippines
contrast of two Purpose is better than living in
or Australia
three points
Specific Explaining why the
Topic Philippines is m
Pattern Descriptions Examples

Problem- Presents an To persuade the audience

solution identified Specific to support the educational
problem, its Purpose programs of the national
causes, and government
recommended
solutions Specific Explaining the reasons for
Topic supporting the government’s
educational programs seen
as the primary means of
increasing the literacy rate in
the Philippines
 Editing/Revising
Editing/Revising your written speech involves
correcting errors in mechanics, such as
grammar, punctuation, capitalization, unity,
coherence, and others.
 Editing/Revising
Edit for focus.
“So, what’s the point? What’s the
message of the speech?”
 Editing/Revising
Edit for clarity
“I don’t understand the message
because the examples or supporting
details were confusing.”
 Editing/Revising
Edit for concision.
“The speech was all over the place;
the speaker kept talking endlessly
as if no one was listening to
him/her.”
 Editing/Revising
Edit for continuity.
“The speech was too difficult to
follow; I was lost in the middle.”
 Editing/Revising
Edit for variety.
“I didn’t enjoy the speech because it
was boring.”
 Editing/Revising
Edit for impact and beauty.
“There’s nothing really special
about the speech.”
 REHEARSING

“Constant practice makes

perfect.”
Some Guidelines in Speech
1. Keep your words short and simple. Your speech is meant to be
Writing
heard by your audience, not read.
2. Avoid jargon, acronyms, or technical words because they can
confuse your audience.
3. Make your speech more personal. Use the personal pronoun
“I,” but take care not to overuse it.
When you need to emphasize collectiveness with your audience,
use the personal pronoun “we.”
Some Guidelines in Speech
4. Use active verbs and contractions because they add to the
Writing
personal and conversational tone of
your speech.
5. Be sensitive of your audience. Be very careful with your
language, jokes, and nonverbal cues.
6. Use metaphors and other figures of speech to effectively
convey your point.
7. Manage your time well; make sure that the speech falls under
the time limit