Module: Logistics

PIFFFA FIATA
DIPLOMA IN FREIGHT
FORWARDING

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Copyright ©: PIFFA Training Institute Trainer: Arif Qadeer
Module: Logistics

Multimodal
Introduction To
Transport

Copyright ©: PIFFA Training Institute Trainer: Arif Qadeer

 Module: Logistics

Background
 Multimodal transport is essentially an international through-transport
combination with various modes of transport such as
 LAND
 SEA
 AIR,

 containerization is the main catalyst of Multimodal Transport Concept.

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Copyright ©: PIFFA Training Institute Trainer: Arif Qadeer
Module: Logistics Tuesday, March 11, 2025

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Module: Logistics

Key Element of MMT

Containerization

Loading/Unloading Vessels

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Copyright ©: PIFFA Training Institute Trainer: Arif Qadeer
Module: Logistics Tuesday, March 11, 2025

Unitization
• Unitization is the act of consolidating multiple smaller units into a
larger unit for improved warehouse efficiency, quicker packaging and
arranging, and more efficient handling and transportation.

Copyright ©: PIFFA Training Institute Trainer: Arif Qadeer

Module: Logistics Tuesday, March 11, 2025

Standarization
• Standardization in container shipping refers to the uniformity and consistency in the size,
structure, and handling of shipping containers across the industry. This standardization is crucial
for efficient global trade and logistics operations. Here are key aspects of container
standardization

Copyright ©: PIFFA Training Institute Trainer: Arif Qadeer

Module: Logistics Tuesday, March 11, 2025

Cellular Ships
• Cellular ships, also known as container ships, are specialized vessels designed for transporting
standardized shipping containers across the world's oceans. Here are some key aspects of cellular
ships:

Copyright ©: PIFFA Training Institute Trainer: Arif Qadeer

Module: Logistics Tuesday, March 11, 2025

L o a d i n g a n d U n l o a d i n g Ve s s e l s

• Loading and unloading vessels, particularly container ships, is a meticulously planned process
crucial for efficient cargo handling. Preparation involves cargo planning, safety checks, and
container organization at terminals. Ships are loaded using cranes, following a stowage plan for
stability and optimal weight distribution.
• Securement with twist locks ensures safe transit. Upon arrival at ports, ships are berthed and
prepared for unloading with a discharge plan based on the stowage layout. Cranes lift containers
to trucks or rail for onward transport, often involving customs clearance. Efficiency, safety, and
environmental considerations are paramount in these operations to maintain smooth logistics
and minimize turnaround times.

Copyright ©: PIFFA Training Institute Trainer: Arif Qadeer

Module: Logistics

Key Element of MMT

Containerization

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Copyright ©: PIFFA Training Institute Trainer: Arif Qadeer
Module: Logistics Tuesday, March 11, 2025

Straddle Carrier

• A straddle carrier is a vital vehicle in port terminals and intermodal yards, designed to lift and
transport shipping containers. Its tall, narrow frame straddles containers, allowing precise lifting
and placement. These carriers are highly mobile, navigating tight spaces efficiently. Equipped with
a hoist, they handle both 20-foot and 40-foot containers, stacking them up to three or four high.
Straddle carriers significantly improve terminal efficiency by reducing container movement time
and enhancing goods flow. Their versatility in handling various container types makes them
essential for operations with frequent container handling and high throughput, ensuring smooth
logistics operations.

Copyright ©: PIFFA Training Institute Trainer: Arif Qadeer

Module: Logistics Tuesday, March 11, 2025

Te r m i n a l B a c k u p l a n d

• Terminal backup land is essential for multimodal transport, providing vital support for storage,
processing, and logistics operations. It offers space for storing containers, vehicles, and bulk goods
awaiting transfer between transport modes. Acting as a buffer zone, it helps manage cargo surges
and prevent terminal congestion. Facilities on this land enable customs clearance, inspection, and
cargo processing, streamlining operations. Additionally, it includes areas for maintaining and
repairing transport equipment, such as trucks and cranes. Backup land also allows for future
terminal expansion, accommodating growing cargo volumes and new technologies, thus
enhancing the efficiency and flexibility of multimodal transport systems.

Copyright ©: PIFFA Training Institute Trainer: Arif Qadeer

Module: Logistics Tuesday, March 11, 2025

Specialized terminals

• Specialized terminals in multimodal transport play a crucial role in ensuring efficient, seamless
transfer of goods between different modes of transportation—such as ships, trains, and trucks.
These terminals are designed to handle specific types of cargo and support various logistics
needs. Here are some key types and features of specialized multimodal terminals:

•Container Terminals:
•Ro-Ro Terminals:
•Bulk Terminals:
•Breakbulk Terminals:
•Liquid Bulk Terminals:
•Intermodal Rail Terminals: (Video)
•Air Cargo Terminals:
.
Copyright ©: PIFFA Training Institute Trainer: Arif Qadeer
Module: Logistics Tuesday, March 11, 2025

Ship to Ship Productivity

• Ship-to-ship (STS) productivity refers to the efficiency and speed at which cargo is transferred
directly between vessels. This process is crucial in scenarios where ports are unavailable or when
cargo needs to be redistributed between ships.

• Key factors influencing STS productivity include the type of cargo, weather conditions, and the
equipment used, such as cranes and hoses. Effective STS operations require precise coordination,
skilled personnel, and adherence to safety protocols to prevent spills or accidents. High
productivity in STS transfers reduces operational costs and downtime, ensuring a smooth and
timely cargo transfer process between vessels.

Copyright ©: PIFFA Training Institute Trainer: Arif Qadeer

Module: Logistics Tuesday, March 11, 2025

Multimodal Multi-Rate Structure Example

Copyright ©: PIFFA Training Institute Trainer: Arif Qadeer

 Module: Logistics Tuesday, March 11, 2025

Multimodal Multi-Rate Structure Example

Multimodal Transport Examples and Scenarios

Scenario 1: Electronics Shipment from China to the USA
1.Origin: Shenzhen, China
2.Route:
1. Truck: Transport from the factory in Shenzhen to the port of Shanghai.
2. Ocean Freight: Ship from Shanghai to the Port of Los Angeles.
3. Rail Freight: Transport by rail from Los Angeles to Chicago.
4. Truck: Final delivery from Chicago to a distribution center in Indianapolis.
3.Key Considerations:
1. Coordination between different transport providers.
2. Customs clearance at the Port of Los Angeles.
3. Efficient handling at each transfer point to maintain the integrity of sensitive
electronics.

Copyright ©: PIFFA Training Institute Trainer: Arif Qadeer

Module: Logistics

Operational Elements of MMT

Multimodal Transport

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Module: Logistics

Key Element of MMT

Multimodal Transport

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 Module: Logistics

Definitions
Mode of Transport:

 The method of transport used for the movement of goods, e.g.

- Land
- Sea
- or Air.

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Copyright ©: PIFFA Training Institute Trainer: Arif Qadeer
 Module: Logistics

Definitions
Means of Transport:
 The vehicle used for transport, e.g.
- Ship
- Rail
- Truck
- Aircraft

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Copyright ©: PIFFA Training Institute Trainer: Arif Qadeer
 Module: Logistics

Definitions
Types of Means of Transport:
 The type of vehicle used in the transport process,
 e.g. wide-body Aircraft, Tanker truck or Container ship

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Copyright ©: PIFFA Training Institute Trainer: Arif Qadeer
 Module: Logistics

Definitions
Uni-modal Transport

 The transport by one mode of transport only, where each carrier issues his own transport
document

 (B/L, airwaybill, consignment note, etc.).

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 Module: Logistics

Definitions
Combined Transport:

 The transportation of goods in one and the same loading unit or vehicle by a
combination of road, rail, and inland waterway modes.

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 Module: Logistics

Definitions
Intermodal Transport:
 The transportation of goods by several modes of transport where one carrier organises the whole
transport from one point or port of origin via one or more interface points to a final port or point.

 Depending on how responsibility for the entire transport is shared, different types of documents are
used.

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 Module: Logistics

Definition
Multimodal Transport:
 “The carriage of goods by combining at least two different modes of
Transport into one transport operation ensuring efficient cost effective
movement from place in one country, where goods are take in charge
under single contract by Multimodal Transport Operator (MTO), to a place
designated for delivery in a different country.” [as defined in Article 1(1)
United Nations Convention on International Multimodal Transport of Goods
1980 (MT Convention)

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Copyright ©: PIFFA Training Institute Trainer: Arif Qadeer
 Module: Logistics

Elements of MMT Concept

 Carriage of goods by two or more modes of transport

 Under one contract

 One responsible party for the entire carriage

 From one country to another country

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Copyright ©: PIFFA Training Institute Trainer: Arif Qadeer
 Module: Logistics

Who is MTO
 “Single operator, performing himself or through another
person, acting on this behalf, completing a multimodal
transport contract as a principal on behalf of consignor,
and who assumes responsibility for the performance of
multimodal transport contract is known as Multimodal
Transport Operator (MTO).”
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Module: Logistics

Components of MMT Operations

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Module: Logistics

Components of MMT Operations

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Module: Logistics

Components of MMT Operations

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Copyright ©: PIFFA Training Institute Trainer: Arif Qadeer
Module: Logistics

Components of MMT Operations

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Module: Logistics

Components of MMT Operations

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Module: Logistics

Steps in MMT Chain

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Module: Logistics

Steps in MMT Chain

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Module: Logistics

Thank You
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