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infertility

Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of unprotected intercourse, affecting 10-15% of couples globally, and can be classified into primary and secondary types. The causes of infertility can be attributed to male factors, female factors, or remain unexplained, with various risk factors such as age, smoking, and weight influencing fertility. Management includes medical treatments, surgical interventions, and nursing support to address emotional and practical needs of individuals and couples facing infertility.

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11 views

infertility

Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of unprotected intercourse, affecting 10-15% of couples globally, and can be classified into primary and secondary types. The causes of infertility can be attributed to male factors, female factors, or remain unexplained, with various risk factors such as age, smoking, and weight influencing fertility. Management includes medical treatments, surgical interventions, and nursing support to address emotional and practical needs of individuals and couples facing infertility.

Uploaded by

free fire game live
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Infertility

Introduction to
Infertility
Infertility is a complex issue affecting many individuals and couples. It
refers to the inability to conceive after a year of unprotected intercourse
or the inability to carry a pregnancy to term.

by Urvashi Makwana
Definition of Infertility
Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of
unprotected intercourse. This definition applies to both men and
women. It is a common condition affecting 10-15% of couples
worldwide.

Primary Infertility Secondary Infertility


This refers to couples who This refers to couples who
have never conceived before. have conceived before but
are currently unable to do so.
Types of Infertility
Infertility can be categorized based on the source of the problem. It can be male factor, female factor, or a combination of
both.

Male Factor Infertility Female Factor Infertility Unexplained Infertility

This type is caused by issues in the This type is caused by issues in the In some cases, the cause of infertility
male reproductive system, such as female reproductive system, such as remains unknown even after
low sperm count or poor sperm blocked fallopian tubes, ovulation thorough investigation.
motility. disorders, or endometriosis.
Risk Factors for Infertility
Several factors can increase the risk of infertility. It is important to be aware of
these risk factors to seek early intervention.

1 Age 2 Smoking
Both men and women Smoking has been linked to
experience declining fertility as reduced fertility in both men and
they age. This is particularly women. Smoking can damage
pronounced in women after the sperm and eggs, impairing their
age of 35. ability to fertilize.

3 Alcohol Consumption 4 Weight


Excessive alcohol consumption Both being overweight or
can negatively impact fertility in underweight can increase the
both men and women. risk of infertility.
Pathophysiology of Infertility
The underlying causes of infertility can be complex. The pathophysiology of infertility involves various factors that affect the reproductive process.

Ovulation Disorders 1
Conditions such as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) or premature ovarian
failure can disrupt ovulation.
2 Fallopian Tube Blockage
Scarring, infection, or endometriosis can obstruct the fallopian tubes,
preventing the egg from traveling to the uterus.
Endometriosis 3
Endometriosis is a condition where the tissue that normally lines the uterus
grows outside the uterus. It can lead to pelvic pain and infertility.
4 Male Factor Issues
Low sperm count, poor sperm motility, or abnormal sperm morphology can
affect fertilization.
Clinical Manifestations of
Infertility
Infertility often manifests as the inability to conceive. However, there can be other
symptoms depending on the underlying cause.

Irregular Menstrual Cycles Pelvic Pain


Changes in menstrual cycle length or flow Pelvic pain can be associated with
can be a sign of ovulation disorders. conditions such as endometriosis or pelvic
inflammatory disease.

Reduced Libido No Pregnancy After Trying


Hormonal imbalances or medical The absence of pregnancy after a year of
conditions can affect sexual desire in both regular unprotected intercourse is a
men and women. primary indicator of infertility.
Diagnostic Evaluation for
Infertility
A comprehensive diagnostic evaluation is essential to determine the cause of infertility and
guide treatment. It involves a thorough history and physical exam, as well as specialized tests.

Ovulation Monitoring Tracking menstrual cycles, hormonal tests,


and ultrasounds can assess ovulation.

Fallopian Tube Assessment Hysterosalpingography (HSG) or


laparoscopy can evaluate fallopian tube
patency.

Semen Analysis Evaluation of sperm count, motility, and


morphology is crucial for diagnosing male
factor infertility.

Endometrial Biopsy This procedure can assess the receptivity


of the uterine lining for implantation.
Medical Management of
Infertility
Medical management for infertility aims to address the underlying causes and improve the
chances of conception. It can involve medication, hormonal therapy, and assisted
reproductive technologies.

Medications for Ovulation Induction


Clomiphene citrate and gonadotropins are commonly used to stimulate
ovulation.

Hormonal Therapy
Hormonal therapy can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve egg
quality.

Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)


ART includes techniques such as in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic
sperm injection (ICSI), and donor egg/sperm.
Surgical Management of Infertility
Surgical intervention may be necessary to address certain infertility issues. It aims to correct anatomical abnormalities or remove barriers to
conception.

Laparoscopic Surgery Fallopian Tube Surgery


This minimally invasive procedure can be used to treat Surgery can be performed to repair damaged or blocked fallopian
endometriosis, remove fibroids, or unblock fallopian tubes. tubes, improving the chances of natural conception.
Nursing Management of
Infertility
Nurses play a vital role in supporting individuals and couples facing infertility. They
provide emotional support, education, and practical guidance.

1 Emotional Support 2 Education and


Information
Nurses can offer empathy and
understanding, helping patients Nurses can provide patients with
cope with the emotional accurate and up-to-date
challenges of infertility. information about infertility,
treatment options, and support
services.

3 Practical Guidance
Nurses can help patients navigate the complex medical journey, assisting
with scheduling appointments, understanding test results, and managing
medications.

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