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Methods of Data Collection

The document outlines various methods of data collection including surveys, interviews, observations, experiments, and case studies, detailing their descriptions, applications, advantages, and challenges. It also presents scenarios for selecting appropriate data collection methods and includes a simulation activity for students to engage with these methods practically. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of discussing the advantages and limitations of each method in relation to research objectives.

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glinda ebaya
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2 views

Methods of Data Collection

The document outlines various methods of data collection including surveys, interviews, observations, experiments, and case studies, detailing their descriptions, applications, advantages, and challenges. It also presents scenarios for selecting appropriate data collection methods and includes a simulation activity for students to engage with these methods practically. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of discussing the advantages and limitations of each method in relation to research objectives.

Uploaded by

glinda ebaya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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METHODS OF

DATA
COLLECTION
SURVEYS AND QUESTIONNAIRES:

DESCRIPTION: SURVEYS INVOLVE ASKING


INDIVIDUALS A SET OF PREDETERMINED
QUESTIONS, OFTEN IN WRITTEN FORM, TO
GATHER INFORMATION ABOUT THEIR OPINIONS,
BEHAVIORS, OR CHARACTERISTICS.
APPLICATION: USED IN SOCIAL SCIENCES,
MARKET RESEARCH, AND PUBLIC OPINION POLLS
ADVANTAGES: COST-EFFECTIVE, CAN REACH A
LARGE AUDIENCE, STANDARDIZED FORMAT
CHALLENGES: RESPONSE BIAS, LIMITED DEPTH
OF INFORMATION
INTERVIEWS:

DESCRIPTION: INTERVIEWS INVOLVE DIRECT


INTERACTION BETWEEN A RESEARCHER AND A
PARTICIPANT, WHERE QUESTIONS ARE ASKED AND
RESPONSES ARE RECORDED.
APPLICATION: COMMON IN QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH, CASE STUDIES, AND IN-DEPTH
INVESTIGATIONS
ADVANTAGES: ALLOWS FOR IN-DEPTH
EXPLORATION, FLEXIBILITY IN QUESTIONING, AND
CLARIFICATION OF RESPONSES
CHALLENGES: TIME-CONSUMING, POTENTIAL FOR
INTERVIEWER BIAS
OBSERVATIONS:

DESCRIPTION: RESEARCHERS DIRECTLY


OBSERVE AND RECORD BEHAVIOR, EVENTS, OR
PHENOMENA WITHOUT DIRECT INTERACTION
WITH THE PARTICIPANTS.
APPLICATION: USED IN NATURALISTIC STUDIES,
ETHNOGRAPHY, AND BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH
ADVANTAGES: PROVIDES FIRSTHAND
INFORMATION AND MINIMIZES RESPONSE BIAS
CHALLENGES: OBSERVER BIAS, LIMITED INSIGHT
INTO UNDERLYING MOTIVATIONS
EXPERIMENTS:

DESCRIPTION: RESEARCHERS MANIPULATE


VARIABLES TO OBSERVE THE EFFECT ON THE
OUTCOME. CONTROLLED CONDITIONS HELP
ESTABLISH CAUSE-AND-EFFECT
RELATIONSHIPS.
APPLICATION: COMMON IN NATURAL
SCIENCES, PSYCHOLOGY, AND MEDICINE
ADVANTAGES: ALLOWS FOR CAUSAL
INFERENCE, HIGH INTERNAL VALIDITY
CHALLENGES: ARTIFICIAL SETTINGS MAY
LIMIT GENERALIZABILITY, ETHICAL CONCERNS
CASE STUDIES:

DESCRIPTION: IN-DEPTH EXAMINATION OF A


SINGLE CASE OR A SMALL NUMBER OF CASES
TO GAIN INSIGHTS INTO COMPLEX
PHENOMENA.
APPLICATION: COMMON IN PSYCHOLOGY,
MEDICINE, AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
ADVANTAGES: RICH, DETAILED
INFORMATION, SUITABLE FOR COMPLEX OR
UNIQUE CASES
INSTRUCTIONS: FOR EACH SCENARIO PROVIDED, IDENTIFY THE
MOST SUITABLE DATA COLLECTION METHOD TO BE USED.
SCENARIO 1: RESEARCHERS WANT TO INVESTIGATE THE IMPACT OF A NEW TEACHING
METHOD ON STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES IN A SPECIFIC SUBJECT. THEY MANIPULATE
THE TEACHING APPROACH AND COMPARE THE RESULTS WITH A CONTROL GROUP.

SCENARIO 2: A RESEARCHER IS INTERESTED IN EXPLORING THE EXPERIENCES AND


PERCEPTIONS OF INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE SUCCESSFULLY OVERCOME A SPECIFIC PHOBIA.
THE FOCUS IS ON OBTAINING IN-DEPTH, QUALITATIVE INSIGHTS INTO THEIR PERSONAL
JOURNEYS.
SCENARIO 3: AN ORGANIZATION IS CONDUCTING A MARKET RESEARCH STUDY TO
UNDERSTAND CONSUMER PREFERENCES FOR A NEW PRODUCT. THEY DISTRIBUTE A SET
OF STANDARDIZED QUESTIONS TO A LARGE SAMPLE OF POTENTIAL CUSTOMERS.

SCENARIO 4: A SOCIAL SCIENTIST IS INVESTIGATING THE COMMUNICATION PATTERNS


WITHIN A SPECIFIC COMMUNITY. THE RESEARCHER SPENDS EXTENDED PERIODS IN THE
COMMUNITY, SILENTLY MONITORING INTERACTIONS AND TAKING FIELD NOTES.

SCENARIO 5: SCIENTISTS ARE CONDUCTING A STUDY TO TEST THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A


NEW DRUG IN TREATING A MEDICAL CONDITION. PARTICIPANTS ARE RANDOMLY ASSIGNED
TO EITHER THE TREATMENT GROUP OR THE CONTROL GROUP, AND THE OUTCOMES ARE
MEASURED.
DATA COLLECTION SIMULATION
STEP 1. SIMULATION STATION SET-UP
SET UP FIVE DIFFERENT STATIONS IN THE CLASSROOM, EACH REPRESENTING ONE DATA COLLECTION
METHOD.
FOR EXAMPLE:

STATION 1 (INTERVIEW): CREATE A SCENARIO WHERE STUDENTS ROLE-PLAY AS INTERVIEWERS AND


INTERVIEWEES DISCUSSING A SPECIFIC TOPIC.

STATION 2 (QUESTIONNAIRE/SURVEY): PROVIDE A SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE FOR STUDENTS TO FILL OUT,


SIMULATING A SURVEY SCENARIO.

STATION 3 (OBSERVATION): SET UP A SCENE OR ACTIVITY FOR STUDENTS TO OBSERVE AND RECORD
DATA.

STATION 4 (EXPERIMENT): DESIGN A SIMPLE EXPERIMENT THAT STUDENTS CAN CONDUCT AND
MEASURE OUTCOMES.

STATION 5 (CASE STUDY): PROVIDE A CASE STUDY FOR ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION.

STEP 2. ROTATION AND DATA COLLECTION

DIVIDE THE CLASS INTO SMALL GROUPS AND ASSIGN EACH GROUP TO A STARTING STATION.
EACH GROUP SPENDS A DESIGNATED TIME (E.G., 5-7 MINUTES) AT EACH STATION, ACTIVELY
PARTICIPATING IN OR OBSERVING THE SIMULATED DATA COLLECTION METHOD.
ENCOURAGE STUDENTS TO TAKE NOTES, RECORD THEIR EXPERIENCES, AND COLLECT DATA AS THEY
MOVE THROUGH EACH STATION.
STEP 3. REFLECTION AND DISCUSSION
AFTER COMPLETING THE ROTATIONS, RECONVENE AS A CLASS.
HAVE EACH GROUP SHARE THEIR EXPERIENCES AT EACH STATION, DISCUSSING THE
CHALLENGES FACED, OBSERVATIONS MADE, AND ANY INSIGHTS GAINED.
FACILITATE A CLASS DISCUSSION ON THE ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF EACH DATA
COLLECTION METHOD.
DISCUSS THE IMPORTANCE OF CHOOSING THE SUITABLE METHOD BASED ON RESEARCH
OBJECTIVES.

STEP 4. GROUP PRESENTATION


AS AN EXTENSION, ASSIGN EACH GROUP ONE DATA COLLECTION METHOD.
ASK THEM TO PREPARE A SHORT PRESENTATION ON THEIR ASSIGNED METHOD, HIGHLIGHTING
ITS CHARACTERISTICS, SUITABLE SCENARIOS, AND POTENTIAL CHALLENGES.
GROUPS PRESENT THEIR FINDINGS TO THE CLASS, FOSTERING PEER-TO-PEER LEARNING.

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