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Lecture 4 Student version

This document provides an overview of Behavioral Therapy, detailing its historical background, view of human nature, and key characteristics. It outlines the major areas of development, including operant and classical conditioning, and social cognitive theory, while emphasizing therapeutic goals and treatment steps. Additionally, it discusses the roles of therapists and clients in the therapeutic alliance, along with various behavioral strategies employed in therapy.

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Anthony chan
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7 views

Lecture 4 Student version

This document provides an overview of Behavioral Therapy, detailing its historical background, view of human nature, and key characteristics. It outlines the major areas of development, including operant and classical conditioning, and social cognitive theory, while emphasizing therapeutic goals and treatment steps. Additionally, it discusses the roles of therapists and clients in the therapeutic alliance, along with various behavioral strategies employed in therapy.

Uploaded by

Anthony chan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Theories and Practices in Counselling and

Professional Ethics

Lecture Four
Behavioral Therapy
Sept 26, 2024
Historical Background

• Originated in 1950s and early 1960s


• Radical Departure from psychoanalytic
Perspective
• 3 major historical stages:
– Behaviorism as a scientific endeavor
– Behavioral Therapy
– Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
View of Human Nature

• Previously:
– Deterministic
– Behavior is controlled by environment
• Modern View:
– Person as both producer and product of
environment
– Action-oriented
– Cognitive Process
– Responsibility for one’s behavior
Basic Characteristics and Assumptions

• Behavior therapy is based on principles and


procedures of scientific method
• Maladaptive behavior is the result of learning
• Behavior therapy deals with client’s current
problems and the factors influencing them
• Clients involved in behavior therapy are expected to
resume an active role
• The behavioral approach emphasizes equipping
clients with skills of self-management
Basic Characteristics and Assumptions

• Focus is on direct assessment of behavior, problem


identification and evaluating change
• Behavior therapy emphasizes a self-control approach
• Behavioral treatment interventions are individually
tailored
• Based on a collaborative partnership between
therapist and client
• Emphasis is on practical applications
Important Names
• Ivan Pavlov: Classical Conditioning
• John Watson: Learned Neurosis
– Little Albert
• Mary Cover Jones: Counter-conditioning
– Little Peter
• B.F. Skinner: Operant Conditioning
• Albert Bandura: Social Cognitive Theory
(formerly Social Learning Theory)
Four Major Areas of Development

1. Operant Conditioning (Applied Behavior Analysis or


Radical Behaviorism)
2. Classical Conditioning (Neobehavioristic,
Mediational Stimulus-Response Model)
3. Social Cognitive Theory (Formerly Social Learning
Theory)
4. Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Operant Conditioning
• Behavior is a function of its consequences
• Reinforcement
– Positive
– Negative
• Punishment
– Positive
– Negative
Classical Conditioning

Food  Salivation
Food and Bell together  Salivation
Bell  Salivation
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)  Unconditioned Response
(UR)
Unconditioned Stimulus and Neutral Stimulus together 
Unconditioned Response (UR)
Neutral Stimulus has become a Conditioned Stimulus (CS) 
Conditioned Response (CR)
Classical Conditioning (Cont’d)

Classical conditioning principles also include:


• Stimulus generalization
• Stimulus discrimination
• Extinction
• Counter-conditioning
Social Cognitive Theory
Observational Learning (Modeling):
• 4 components:
– Attention
– Retention
– Motor production
– Motivation
Therapeutic Goals
• To help clients develop adaptive and
supportive behaviors to different situations
– Weaken or eliminate behaviors that work against
desired outcome
– Acquire or strengthen desirable behaviors
Steps in Treatment
a. Describe the Problem
b. Obtain a baseline
c. Establish goals
d. Develop Strategies to facilitate change
e. Client implements the plan
f. Assess progress and evaluate success
g. Make plans to promote maintenance of
gains and relapse prevention
Assessment Issues and Procedures
• Behavioral ABCs
A= Antecedents
B= Behavior
C= Consequences of behavior
• Clinical or Behavioral Interview
• Self-Monitoring
• Standardized Questionnaires
• Other measures
Therapeutic Alliance

• Roles of Behavior Therapist


– Consultant, supporter, role model, encourager and
facilitator
• Clients
– Take responsibility to present their concerns,
identify their goals, implement plans for change
– Try out new behaviors, complete tasks between
sessions, self-monitor, provide feedback
Behavioral Strategies
• Operant Conditioning & Variants
1. Precisely identify behavior (increase or decrease
them?)
2. Develop measurement system
3. Identify contingencies that either maintaining
problem behavior/discourage desirable behavior
4. Modification of existing environmental and social
contingencies
Behavioral Strategeis (Cont’d)
• Relaxation Training
– Progressive Muscle Relaxation
• Diaphragmatic Breathing
• Modeling
• Problem Solving
• Skills Training
Behavioral Strategies (Cont’d)
• Exposure therapy: Introducing clients, under
carefully controlled conditions, to the
situations that contributed to such problems
– Imaginal Exposure
– In Vivo Desensitization
– Flooding

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