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surds(Basic level) ppt

The document outlines the objectives and methods for working with surds, including simplifying, adding, subtracting, multiplying, and rationalizing them. It emphasizes the importance of expressing surds in their simplest form and provides rules for manipulating surds, such as using conjugates for rationalization. Additionally, it includes practice exercises and examples to reinforce the concepts taught.

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kawengkong
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14 views

surds(Basic level) ppt

The document outlines the objectives and methods for working with surds, including simplifying, adding, subtracting, multiplying, and rationalizing them. It emphasizes the importance of expressing surds in their simplest form and provides rules for manipulating surds, such as using conjugates for rationalization. Additionally, it includes practice exercises and examples to reinforce the concepts taught.

Uploaded by

kawengkong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 42

Surds

© T Madas
Lesson Objectives

1.Express a given surd in its simplest


form.
2. Calculate the addition and subtraction
of surds.
3. Calculate the multiplication of surds.
4. Rationalize the denominators which is
in either monomial or polynomial surd
form.
5. Simplify the mixed operations of surds
© T Madas
Starter activity
Simplifying Surds
16/10/2023

Simplify surds
L/O: Be able to write surds in their
simplest form

© T Madas
The Rules of Roots and Surds
xy = x y

x x
y
=
y
x
adding/subtracting:

a x ± b x = (a ± b ) x

Note
Although we are showing these rules with square
roots, they work with all roots, i.e. cube roots,
© T Madas

fourth roots etc


Common manipulations
xy = x y
involving surds are to
write them in terms of x = x
smaller surds. y y
This usually involves
a x ± b x = (a ± b ) x
application of the three
basic rules:

Simplify 8

Simplify 20
Simplify 45
Simplify 98
75

Check!
Additional examples
Practice Exercise 1

© T Madas
Like & Unlike Surds
Quick quiz
Addition and Subtraction of surds
Sums and Differences

Rules in the previous section allowed us to


split radicals that had a radicand which was a
product or a quotient.
We can NOT split sums or differences.

a b  a  b
a b  a  b

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 13


Adding and Subtracting Radical Expressions

Example 1

3 7 3 

10 2  4 2 

2 43 2 Can not simplify

5 3 Can not simplify

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 14


© T Madas
© T Madas
Exercise
Multiplication of surds
Multiplication and
Division of surds

19/10/2023

LO: Apply rules of algebra


multiplying and dividing surds.
Concept

xy = x y
x = x
y y
a x ± b x = (a ± b ) x
Example
BINOMIAL PRODUCTS INVOLVING SURDS

© T Madas
Example:

evaluate:(2 + 2)(3 - 2)

we treat surds like algebraic quantities


Multiplication and
Division of surds

2o/10/2023

LO: Apply rules of algebra


multiplying and dividing surds.
Expand the following brackets and simplify
your answer as much as possible:
a (1 + 5)(3 - 5) =
)

b) (1 + 2 2)( 2 - 1) =

c) (4 + 2)(2 - 3) =

d ( 3- 2)(2 2 - 3) =
)

e) (5 + 2 7)(2 7 - 5) =
© T Madas
Division of surds
Example
25/10/2023
L/O: Rationalize the denominator

Of a simple surd.

Rationalizing Denominators

© T Madas
Given a fraction with a surd appearing in the
denominator, we can find another equivalent
fraction with the denominator surd-free.

We are rationalising the denominator

ere are some of the “tricks” involved in this process:


Rationalising Denominators with simple Surds

Rationalise the denominator of1


2
1
2

3
Rationalise the denominator of3
3
3

3
Rationalise the denominator of2 5
3
2 ©5T Madas
Rules for rationalizing denominator

Martin-Gay, Developmental Mathematics 32


Group Exercise

© T Madas
25/10/2023

Simplify surds rationalizing the


denominator

L/O: Be able to rationalize the


denominator using congugates

© T Madas
Rationalize the Denominator Using Conjugates
 Before we learn how to rationalize a denominator, we need to know about
conjugates. A conjugate is a similar surd but with a different sign. The
conjugate of (7 + √5) is (7 - √5). In the process of rationalizing a
denominator, the conjugate is the rationalizing factor. The process of
rationalizing the denominator with its conjugate is as follows.
• Step 1: Multiply both the denominator and numerator by a suitable
conjugate that will remove the radicals in the denominator.
• Step 2: We need to make sure that all the surds in the given fraction are
in their simplified form.
• Step 3: If needed, we can simplify the fraction further.
 Let us take an example of rationalizing the denominator of the fraction
1/(7+√5) to understand this concept better.

© T Madas
Rationalising Denominators with not so simple Surds

Rationalise the denominator of 1


3+ 2

1
3+ 2

Rationalise the denominator of 3


5- 2

3
5- 2
© T Madas
Rationalising Denominators with not so simple Surds

Rationalise the denominator of 1


3+ 2

1
3+ 2

Rationalise the denominator of 3


5- 2

3
5- 2
© T Madas
Gw
© T Madas
26/10/2023

Simplify surds rationalizing the


denominator

L/O: Be able to rationalize the


denominator using conjugates

© T Madas
Rationalising Denominators with not so simple Surds

Example
Rationalise the denominator of 2
3 2- 2 3

2
3 2- 2 3

© T Madas
GW
© T Madas
The End!

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