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15 DataStructures - Chang

This document covers built-in data structures in Python, including tuples, sets, and dictionaries. Tuples are ordered and immutable collections, sets are unordered collections of unique elements, and dictionaries allow for mapping keys to values. The document provides examples and explanations of how to create and manipulate these data structures.

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أمينة السلوت
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1 views

15 DataStructures - Chang

This document covers built-in data structures in Python, including tuples, sets, and dictionaries. Tuples are ordered and immutable collections, sets are unordered collections of unique elements, and dictionaries allow for mapping keys to values. The document provides examples and explanations of how to create and manipulate these data structures.

Uploaded by

أمينة السلوت
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Data

Structures
CMSC 201
Built in Types
Today we will be talking about some other built in
types in python!

• Tuples
• Sets
• Dictionaries
Terms We'll Use
Here is some vocab we'll be using in today's
lecture:

• Data structure-A way of organizing or storing


information. So far, the main data structure
we've seen is the list.
• Ordered-The data structure has the elements
stored in an ordered sequence
• Mutable-The contents of the data structure can
be changed.
Tuples
Tuples are ordered, immutable collections of
elements.

The only difference between a tuple and a list is


that once a tuple has been made, it can't be
changed!
Tuples
Making a tuple:
a = (1, 2, 3)
Accessing a tuple:
someVar = a[0]
The syntax for access is exactly like a list.
However, you can't reassign things.
Tuples So Far
We've already used tuples without knowing it!

def myFunc():
return 1, 2

def main():
result = myFunc()
print(result)

When you return multiple things and store it in a


single variable, it comes back as a tuple!
Tuples So Far
Why would you want a tuple?

Sometimes it's important that the contents of


something not be modified in the future.

Instead of trying to remember that you shouldn't


modify something, just put it in a tuple! A lot of
programming is learning to protect you from
yourself.
Sets
A set is an unordered collection of elements where
each element must be unique. Attempts to add
duplicate elements are ignored.
Sets
Creating a set:
mySet = set(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
Or:
myList = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
mySet2 = set(myList)
Note that in the second example, the set would
consist of the elements {1, 2, 3}
Sets
Things we can do with a set:

mySet = set(['a'])

# Add an element:
mySet.add('b')

#Remove an element:
mySet.remove('b')

# Remove and return a random element:


mySet.pop()
Sets
There is also support for combining sets.
Returns a new set with all the elements from both
sets:
mySet.union(someOtherSet)
Returns a new set with elements that were in both
sets:
mySet.intersection(someOtherSet)
Tons more methods can be found here:
https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/datastructures.html
Dictionaries
Up until now our storage has been done in lists.

Lists can be viewed as a structure that map


indexes to values.

If I make the list:

myList = ['a', 'b', 'c']

I have created a mapping from 0 to 'a', 1 to 'b',


and so on. If I put in 0, I'll get 'a' back.
Dictionaries
Dictionaries let use whatever kind of keys we
want!
Instead of having 1 correspond to 'b', I can have
"hello" correspond to 'b'.
Before: Now I
can do things like:
0  'a' "Hello"
 'a'
1  'b' 1  'b'
2  'c' 3.3 
'c'
Dictionaries
This looks exactly like you'd expect!

myDict = {}

myDict["hello"] = 'a'
myDict[1] = 'b'
myDict[3.3] = 'c'

print(myDict["hello"])

Prints:
'a'
Dictionaries
Imagine you have a bunch of university students,
and you're storing their grades in all their classes.

Use a dictionary to look up grades by name:

student = "Clark Kent"


grades = ["A","B","C","D","D","C"]
gradeDict = {}
gradeDict[student] = grades

print( gradeDict["Clark Kent"] )


Dictionaries
When you look up something in a dictionary, the
thing you're putting in (like the index in a list) is
called a key. What we get out is called a value.
A dictionary maps keys to values.

myDict["hello"] = 10
^ ^
Key Value
Dictionaries
Just like in a list, if you do this:
myDict["hello"] = 10
myDict["hello"] = 11
print(myDict["hello"])

Prints:
11
Dictionaries
If we want to get just the keys, or just the values,
there's a function for that!

listOfKeys = myDict.keys()

listOfValues = myDict.values()

listOfPairs = myDict.items()

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