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BCSE401L Module 2 ZigBee for Class

The IEEE 802.15.4 protocol is designed for low data rate, low complexity, and long battery life communication in Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN), with data rates ranging from 10 kbps to 1 Mbps and communication ranges up to 1 Km. It employs a topology structure including a PAN Coordinator, Zigbee Routers (FFD), and Zigbee Devices (RFD), with configurations such as star, mesh, and cluster-tree topologies to facilitate network communication. Additionally, the protocol utilizes Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) for modulation and Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) for efficient channel access.

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2 views

BCSE401L Module 2 ZigBee for Class

The IEEE 802.15.4 protocol is designed for low data rate, low complexity, and long battery life communication in Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN), with data rates ranging from 10 kbps to 1 Mbps and communication ranges up to 1 Km. It employs a topology structure including a PAN Coordinator, Zigbee Routers (FFD), and Zigbee Devices (RFD), with configurations such as star, mesh, and cluster-tree topologies to facilitate network communication. Additionally, the protocol utilizes Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) for modulation and Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) for efficient channel access.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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BCSE401L: Internet of Things

Module-2: Standards and


Protocols
Lecture 2 : IEEE 802.15.4
(ZigBee)
IEEE 802.15.4 Protocol

• IEEE 802.15.4 protocol has a low data rate, low complexity, long
battery life, and short-range communication.
• The typical data rate is 10 kbps to 1Mbps.
• The range of communication is tens of meters to 1 Km with IEEE
802.15.4 and 1 Km with IEEE 802.15.4g protocols.
• This is meant for Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) which uses
wearable devices.
Pseudo-Noise Sequence Generator
Modulation Scheme- Direct
Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
• The power spectral density (PSD) is the distribution of power with
frequency.
• The PSD of the transmitted wideband signal is spread out to
resemble a noise-like signal as shown in Figure 2.13.
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
(DSSS)
Topology

• Zigbee or PAN Coordinator is the head coordinator who initiates,


maintains, and controls the network. This acts as a gateway for
connecting to other networks and is main powered.
• Zigbee Router or Full Function Device (FFD) acts as a router or at
times PAN coordinator by relaying packets for extending the range.
• This is below the PAN coordinator in the hierarchy and allows
communication with any device of the network.
• Zigbee Device or Reduced Function Device (RFD) is a very simple
device that collects the data from things.
• This is the leaf node and battery-powered. RFD is below the FFD in the
hierarchy.
Topology
• Star Topology:
• Both FFDs and RFDs are directly connected to the PAN coordinator.
• There is a single PAN coordinator and there is no router.
• The number of FFDs and RFDs is greater than and equal to zero.
• Examples are personal area networks such as health carekits,toys,and
computingsystems.
• Mesh Topology:
• The topology has one PAN coordinator and several FFDs and RFDs.
• Any device can be connected to any other device if they are in their coverage
area.
• However,two RFDs cannot be connected.This is used for ad-hoc networks in
wireless sensor networks.
• Cluster-Tree Topology:
• This is a special case of mesh topology with a single PAN coordinator.
• There is a parent (PAN coordinator/FFD) and children (FFD/RFD) paradigm in
this topology.
• A cluster head is chosen and this broadcasts beacon frames to neighbors.
• The neighboring device requests the cluster head acting as a parent to join
the network.
• Subsequently, this is added as a child node. Here, a large coverage area is
achievable, however, it has high latency because of chained clusters.
Time Slotted Channel Hopping
(TSCH)
TSCH Example
• ASN – Absolute slot number

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