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Systematic 1

The document discusses the issues related to transformer overload, including its causes, effects, and the need for protective measures. It outlines the objectives of designing a relay circuit with a microcontroller to prevent transformer damage and ensure uninterrupted power supply. The proposed system aims to improve reliability and reduce maintenance costs in various applications such as industrial areas and substations.

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3 views

Systematic 1

The document discusses the issues related to transformer overload, including its causes, effects, and the need for protective measures. It outlines the objectives of designing a relay circuit with a microcontroller to prevent transformer damage and ensure uninterrupted power supply. The proposed system aims to improve reliability and reduce maintenance costs in various applications such as industrial areas and substations.

Uploaded by

3g8qf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ABSTRACT

 The transformer is very costly and bulky


equipment of power system. It operates for 24
hours of a day and feeds the load.
 Sometimes the situation may occur the load on
the transformer is suddenly increased above its
rated capacity.
 When this situation occurs, the transformer will
be overloaded and overheated and damage the
insulation of transformer resulting in
interruption of supply.
INTRODUCTION
Static device
Mutual induction
Electrically separated and
Magnetically linked
Laminated cores are used
CAUSES FOR TRANSFORMER
OVERLOAD

Sudden interruption of heavy


loads.
Insulation failures.
Short circuits.
EFFECT ON TRANSFORMER DUE
TO OVERLOAD

Insulation failure
Heat up
Winding melts
Efficiency reduced
OBJECTIVES
To design the relay circuit which protect
the transformer from overload.
To program the microcontroller for
sending the information to the substation
and for relay operation.
To increase the reliability of distribution
network.
COMPONENTS
 Step down Transformers
 Bridge rectifier
 LM 7805
 Relay driver
 Load (lamps)
 Relays
 LCD display
 Atmega 328
 GSM module
ATMEGA 328
LOAD SHARING OF TRANSFORMER
Under normal condition the load gets
supply from single transformer.
A standby transformer connected in
parallel through the relay.
When the load current exceeds the
reference value, the microcontroller sends
the signal to the relay.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
AC
SUPPLY
RELAY 1 TRANSFORMER 1 LOAD

CURRENT
MEASURING
RELAY 2 TRANSFORMER 2 UNIT

RELAY DRIVER ATmega328P

LCD POWER
SUPPLY
DISPLAY
GSM
MODULE
SIMULATION DIAGRAM
SIMULATION DIAGRAM
ADVANTAGES
 Improve system reliability with low cost as
well as less maintenance.
 Load is shared automatically by the
transformer.
 Damage of main transformer is prevented
 Uninterrupted power supply is ensured.
APPLICATION

Industrial areas
Used in substation
Shopping malls
 Distribution Station
FUTURE SCOPE

 In substations particularly during the peak


hours there is a need for the operation of
additional transformer to supply the
additional load.
REFERRENCES
 Abdual-Rahman Al-Ali, Abdul Khaliq and Muhammad Arshad.
“GSM Based Distribution Transormer Monitoring System”. IEEE
MELECON 2004.
 “Poly Phase Multifunction Energy Metering IC with Total and
Fundamental Powers ADE7878”. Analog Devices, Inc. MA,
U.S.A.2009
 Guangchun Zhang, Xiaoyang Tong. Siyi Zou, Xiongwei Jiang and
Guanging Wu. “A Novel Insulation On-line Monitoring and Fault
Diagnosis System Used for Traction Substation”. IEEE International
Symposium on Electrical Insulation , 2002
 J.A. Jardini, C.M.V. Tahan, E.L. Ferrari and S.U. Ahn. “Selection of
Distribution Transformer Based on Economic Criteria”. CIRED 97,
1997
THANK YOU

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