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The document discusses cancer biology, highlighting the characteristics of cancer cells, the roles of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, and the molecular mechanisms of cancer development. It covers various types of cancer, diagnostic methods, and treatment approaches including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Future research directions aim to enhance therapies and prevention strategies through advancements in genetics and technology.

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Morales, Jerome R.
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4 views

Untitled

The document discusses cancer biology, highlighting the characteristics of cancer cells, the roles of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, and the molecular mechanisms of cancer development. It covers various types of cancer, diagnostic methods, and treatment approaches including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Future research directions aim to enhance therapies and prevention strategies through advancements in genetics and technology.

Uploaded by

Morales, Jerome R.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cancer Biology and Cell

Transformation
This presentation delves into the intricate world of cancer biology,
exploring the fundamental characteristics of cancer cells, the role
of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, the molecular
mechanisms driving cancer development, and the diverse
therapeutic approaches used to combat this complex disease.

by Morales, Jerome R.
Characteristics of Cancer Cells
Uncontrolled Growth Loss of Differentiation Ability to Metastasize

Cancer cells divide uncontrollably, Cancer cells lose their specialized Cancer cells can break away from
forming tumors and invading functions and revert to a less the original tumor and spread to
surrounding tissues. specialized state, resulting in distant sites, forming secondary
abnormal cell structures and tumors.
behaviors.
Oncogenes and Tumor
Suppressor Genes
1 Oncogenes 2 Tumor Suppressor
Genes
Mutated genes that
promote cell growth and Genes that normally
division, leading to regulate cell growth and
uncontrolled proliferation. division, but when
mutated, fail to suppress
tumor formation.

3 Role in Cancer Development


Oncogene activation and tumor suppressor gene
inactivation contribute to the development and progression
of cancer.
Molecular Basis of Cancer
Development
1 Initiation
Mutations in key genes, such as oncogenes and tumor
suppressor genes, initiate the transformation of normal cells
into cancer cells.

2 Promotion
Environmental factors and lifestyle choices can promote the
growth and division of initiated cells, accelerating cancer
development.

3 Progression
Cancer cells acquire additional mutations and genetic
changes, leading to increased invasiveness, metastasis, and
resistance to treatment.
Types of Cancer
Carcinoma
Cancers arising from epithelial tissues, such as skin, lung, and breast.

Sarcoma
Cancers arising from connective tissues, such as bone, cartilage, and muscle.

Leukemia
Cancers affecting blood-forming cells in the bone marrow, leading to
abnormal white blood cell production.

Lymphoma
Cancers originating from the lymphatic system, affecting lymphocytes
and other immune cells.
Cancer Diagnosis and Screening
Medical History and Physical Exam
Gathering information about symptoms, risk factors, and
overall health.

Imaging Tests
Using techniques like X-rays, CT scans, MRI, and ultrasound to
visualize tumors and assess their size and location.

Biopsy
Collecting tissue samples for microscopic examination to
confirm the presence and type of cancer.

Blood Tests
Analyzing blood samples to detect cancer cells or specific
markers associated with cancer.
Cancer Treatment and
Therapeutic Approaches
Surgery
Removal of the tumor and surrounding tissues, aiming for complete
removal of cancer cells.

Radiation Therapy
Using high-energy rays to damage and kill cancer cells, often
targeted to specific areas.

Chemotherapy
Using drugs to target and destroy cancer cells, typically
administered systemically.

Immunotherapy
Boosting the body's immune system to fight cancer cells,
using agents that target specific immune cells or
pathways.
Future Directions in Cancer Research
Ongoing research is focused on developing new therapies, personalized medicine, and strategies for preventing
cancer. Advances in genetics, immunotherapy, and nanotechnology are driving innovative approaches for the
treatment and management of this complex disease.

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