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PLC and Relay Working

A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is an industrial computer designed for control functions, developed to replace complex relay systems. PLCs offer advantages such as simple programming, reliability, and reduced maintenance compared to traditional relays, which are electromechanical switches operated by electrical signals. Major components of a PLC include input and output modules, a processor, memory, and a programming device.

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4 views

PLC and Relay Working

A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is an industrial computer designed for control functions, developed to replace complex relay systems. PLCs offer advantages such as simple programming, reliability, and reduced maintenance compared to traditional relays, which are electromechanical switches operated by electrical signals. Major components of a PLC include input and output modules, a processor, memory, and a programming device.

Uploaded by

laveshjain1111
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASICS OF PLC AND

RELAY
What is PLC?
A programmable logic
controller (PLC) is an industrial
grade computer that is capable
of being programmed to
perform control functions.
 The first Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
was developed by a group of engineers at
General Motors in 1968, when the company
were looking for an alternative to replace
complex relay control systems.

 Simple programming
 Program changes without system intervention

(no internal rewiring)


 Smaller, cheaper and more reliable than

corresponding relay control systems


 Simple, low cost maintenance
 The PLC is designed for use in machine control
 Unlike a personal computer- It is Designed to

operate in the industrial environment.


 It is equipped with special input/output
interfaces and a control programming
language.
 The common abbreviation used in industry for

these devices, PC, can be confusing because it


is also the abbreviation for “personal
computer.”
 Therefore, most manufacturers refer to their

Programmable Controller as a PLC, which


stands for “programmable logic controller.”
Why we have to choose PLC
instead of Relay?
WHAT IS RELAY?

A relay can be defined as a switch.


 Switches are generally used to close or
open the circuit manually .
 Relay is also a switch that connects or
disconnects two circuits.
 But instead of manual operation a relay is
applied with electrical signal, which in turn
connects or disconnects another circuit.
ELECTROMAGNETIC RELAY
 Relays can be of different types like
electromechanical, solid state.
 Electromechanical relays are frequently
used.
 Although many different types of relay

were present, their working is same.


 Every electromechanical relay consists of an

 Electromagnet

 Mechanically movable contact

 Switching points and

 Spring
CONSTRUCTION
 Electromagnet is constructed by wounding a
copper coil on a metal core. The two ends of the
coil are connected to two pins of the relay as
shown. These two are used as DC supply pins.
 Generally two more contacts will be present,
called as switching points to connect high
ampere load. Another contact called common
contact is present in order to connect the
switching points.
 These contacts are named as normally open
(NO),normally closed(NC) and common(COM)
contacts.
 Relay
Normally can be operated using either AC or DC.
Common
closed

Normally
Open
WORKING
Movable Armature

Push button

NC

NO
Movable Armature

COM
SIMPLE RELAY SCHEMATIC

P
P

N N

Neutral

Phase

DC Supply
WHY PLC ?

 The PLC has eliminated much of the


hardwiring associated with conventional
relay control circuits.
 Easy programming and installation
 High control speed
 Network compatibility
 Troubleshooting and testing convenience
 High reliability
MAJOR COMPONENTS OF PLC

 Input module
 Output module
 Processor
 Memory
 Power supply
 Programming device
Major Components of a Common PLC
POWER
SUPPLY

I M O M
N O
P D U O
U U PROCESSOR T D
T L P U
From E U L
To
SENSORS T E
OUTPUT
Pushbuttons, Solenoids,
contacts, contactors,
limit switches, alarms
etc. etc.
PROGRAMMING
DEVICE

17
THANK YOU

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