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Climate Change and associated effects

The document discusses the effects of climate change, including the melting of glaciers, rising sea levels, and ocean acidification, highlighting their impact on ecosystems and human life. It also mentions international initiatives for ozone layer protection and the alarming trend of ecological overshoot, where humanity's resource consumption exceeds the Earth's capacity. Key concepts like ecological footprint and carbon footprint are defined to illustrate the environmental challenges we face.

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2 views47 pages

Climate Change and associated effects

The document discusses the effects of climate change, including the melting of glaciers, rising sea levels, and ocean acidification, highlighting their impact on ecosystems and human life. It also mentions international initiatives for ozone layer protection and the alarming trend of ecological overshoot, where humanity's resource consumption exceeds the Earth's capacity. Key concepts like ecological footprint and carbon footprint are defined to illustrate the environmental challenges we face.

Uploaded by

pkbohra1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Climate Change-1

Climate and Weather


Climate
Change
Greenhouse Effect
Carbon Neutral
Article
published in
Hindu 16 July
2022 about
fishing getting
affected due
to climate
change
Ocean Currents
Ozone and Climate
Change
Effects of Ozone Depletion
• It will lead to excessive penetration of UVB
radiation, which in turn causes sunburns,
cataracts and skin cancers. It also affects the
immune system and makes the body more
vulnerable to diseases.
Initiatives at International and National Level
for Ozone layer Protection
• Vienna convention and Montreal Protocol (will be
Discussed in conventions lecture).
• Government of India entrusted the issues related to the
protection of ozone layer and implementation of
Montreal protocol to the ministry of Environment and
Forests.
• MoEFCC has set up an Ozone cell, as a national unit to
look after and to render neccessary services
• Currently, the Ozone Cell is engaged in phase-out of
production and consumption of next category of
chemicals, Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
Effects of Climate change
• Most important and immediate effect of
global warming is the melting of the earth’s
ice, retreating of glaciers and shrinking of the
world s ice sheets.
• The vast majority of all Himalayan glaciers
have been retreating and thinning over the
past 30 years, with accelerated losses over the
last decade.
Melting of glaciers
• Arctic and Antarctica's ice also help cool the planet by reflecting the
sun's radiation back into space. With melting glaciers and less ice,
most of the heat that was previously reflected back into space
would be absorbed by the open water, leading to a warmer
environment. The warmer environment causes more glaciers to
melt and sea levels to rise.
• Peru's Quelccaya ice cap is the largest in the tropics. If it continues
to melt at its current rate—contracting more than 600 feet (182.8
meters) a year in some places—it will be gone by 2100, leaving
thousands who rely on its water for drinking and electricity high,
dry, and in the dark.
• In 1800 glacier National Park was the adobe of 150 glaciers, which
are now obliterated to only 25 glaciers.
Rising sea levels
• Sea level can rise by two different mechanisms
with respect to climate change.
• First, as the oceans warm due to an increasing
global temperature, seawater expands—
taking up more space in the ocean basin and
causing a rise in water level.
• The second mechanism is the melting of ice
over land, which then adds water to the
ocean.
Ocean Acidification
• Oceans function as the reservoir for CO2 and
absorbs the Co2 produced by the human
beings and buffer the climate change problem.
• But the levels of CO 2 is increasing at an
alarming level because of anthropogenic
activities and is exceeding the level of
buffering capacity of oceans and causing the
acidification of oceans.
• More CO2 in the atmosphere means more CO2 in
the ocean.
• The resulting changes in the chemistry of the oceans
disrupts the ability of plants and animals in the sea
to make shells and skeletons of calcium carbonate,
while dissolving shells already formed.
• Ocean acidification is the change in the chemistry of
oceans by lowering the pH value of ocean water
because of increased concentration hydrogen ion
enhancing the acidity levels of the oceans.
Impact of Acidification of Oceans
• It alters the biogeochemical cycles. The capacity of the
oceans to act as carbon sink reduces when ocean
acidification increases.
• On marine molluscs: Increased ocean acidity will also
impact the health of marine molluscs, which are the marine
shelled creatures like lobsters and crab, snails and urchins.
The quality of shells will be poor and they will break easily.
• On Echolocation: Acidified ocean water changes the
acoustics of ocean water. This is likely to impact the
creatures that depend on echolocation like dolphins, sperm
whales and killer whales.
Important concepts on climate change

Ecological
Footprint
Earth Overshoot Day
• Ecological debt: Our usage of natural resources is far in excess of earth
s capacity to provide.
• On august 13,2015 mankind has exhausted the use of natural
resources allocated for 2015 in just 8 months. In eight months we
reached the Earth overshoot day.
• In 2016 it was August 8th.
• In 2017 it was 2nd August.
• In 2018: August 1
• 2019: July 29
• 2020: August 22
• 2021 :July 29
• 2022: July 28
• 2023: Aug 2
• According to Global footprint network experts, mankind s current
requirements of natural resources can be met by three earth like
planets.
• Carbon footprint: It is the
amount of carbon die oxide
and greenhouse gases that are
release during production of a
product or the provision of a
service by an organisation or
an individual is called carbon
footprint.
• The size of carbon footprint is
calculated when every carbon
released in the atmosphere by
the product or living being is
accounted for.

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