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Chapter 5 Deviant Behavior and Social Control

Chapter 5 discusses deviant behavior and social control, defining deviance as actions that violate social norms and distinguishing it from crime, which violates criminal law. It explores various perspectives on deviance, including functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interactionist theories, as well as classifications of crime and the criminal justice system. The chapter concludes with a look at transnational crime and its implications for global society.

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Chapter 5 Deviant Behavior and Social Control

Chapter 5 discusses deviant behavior and social control, defining deviance as actions that violate social norms and distinguishing it from crime, which violates criminal law. It explores various perspectives on deviance, including functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interactionist theories, as well as classifications of crime and the criminal justice system. The chapter concludes with a look at transnational crime and its implications for global society.

Uploaded by

axtamovdavronbek0980
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Society & Culture

Chapter 5
Deviant Behavior
and Social Control
Chapter Outline
What is Deviance?
Functionalist Perspectives on Deviance
Conflict Perspectives on Deviance
Symbolic Interactionist Perspectives on Deviance
Crime Classifications and Statistics
The Criminal Justice System
The Future of Transnational Crime and the Global
Criminal Economy
Defining Normal and Deviant
Behavior
What determines whether a person’s actions are
seen as eccentric, creative, or deviant?
In your opinion what makes a given action such
as a 20 year old dating a 16 year old wrong to
some people?
Why will two men walking hand-in-hand cause
raised eyebrows in one place but not in another?
3
What Is Deviance?
Deviance is any behavior, belief, or condition that
violates significant social norms in the society or
group in which it occurs.

A crime is behavior that violates criminal law and is


punishable with fines, jail terms, and/or other
negative sanctions.
What Is Deviance?
Social control refers to the systematic practices that
social groups develop in order to encourage
conformity to norms, rules, and laws and to
discourage deviance.
oInternal social controls
oExternal social controls
Means of Social Control
Internal Means of Control
Smaller, primary groups teach their members what is good and acceptable
This becomes the internalized and a part of an individual’s life

External Means of Control


Other people’s responses to a person’s behavior—that is, rewards and
punishments, also known as “sanctions”
Sanctions
Rewards and penalties that a group’s members use to regulate an individual’s
behavior
6
Positive and Negative sanctions work only to the
degree that people can be reasonably sure that they
actually will occur as a consequence of a given act.

Formal and Informal Sanctions


Applied in a public ritual—as in the awarding of a prize
or an announcement of expulsion—and are usually
under the direct or indirect control of authorities.

7
Formal positive sanctions
Public affairs, rituals, or ceremonies that express social
approval of a person’s behavior.
Examples: Graduation Ceremony, Award Presentation
Formal negative sanctions
Actions that express institutionalized disapproval of a
person’s behavior.
Examples: Prison, Public Shaming

8
Informal positive sanctions
Displays people use spontaneously to express their
approval of another’s behavior.
Examples:
Smiles, Pats on the back, Handshakes, Congratulations,
Hugs
Informal negative sanctions
Spontaneous displays of disapproval or displeasure,
Examples: Frowns, Damaging gossip, Impolite treatment

9
Functionalist Perspectives on
Deviance
According to strain theory, people feel strain when
they are exposed to cultural goals that they are
unable to obtain because they do not have access
to culturally approved means of achieving those
goals.
Conflict Perspectives on Deviance
People in positions of power maintain their
advantage by using the law to protect their
interests.

Deviance and crime are a function of the


capitalist economic system.
Symbolic Interactionist
Perspectives on Deviance
The rational choice theory of deviance states that
deviant behavior occurs when a person weighs the
costs and benefits of nonconventional or criminal
behavior and determines that the benefits will
outweigh the risks involved in such actions.
Symbolic Interactionist
Perspectives on Deviance
Social bond theory holds that the probability of
deviant behavior increases when a person’s ties to
society are weakened or broken.
oattachment to other people
ocommitment to conformity
oinvolvement in conventional activities
obelief in the legitimacy of conventional values and norms
Symbolic Interactionist
Perspectives on Deviance
Social learning theory proposes that individuals learn
new behaviors and attitudes through observation and
modeling of others in their social environment.
People learn through a process of observation,
imitation, and reinforcement, where they observe
others engaging in certain behaviors, imitate those
behaviors themselves, and receive positive or negative
reinforcement based on the outcomes of their actions.
For example, eating vegetables or committing fraud
Discussi Why do you think people commit
on deviance?
Source:
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m.my/news/nation/202
5/01/01/teens-caught-ri
ding-039basikal-lajak039
-in-kl-made-to-do-squats

15
Crime Classifications and Statistics
Violent crime consists of actions—murder, rape, robbery, and aggravated
assault—involving force or the threat of force against others.

Property crimes include burglary (breaking into private property to commit a


serious crime), motor vehicle theft, larceny theft (theft of property worth $50
or more), and arson.

Victimless crimes involve a willing exchange of illegal goods or services


among adults.
Would you consider prostitution
a victimless “crime”?

17
Crime Classifications and Statistics
Occupational (white-collar) crime comprises illegal activities committed by people during
their employment or financial affairs.

Corporate crime are illegal acts committed by corporate (management) employees on behalf
of the corporation and with its support.

Internet crime consists of online-related scams, identity theft, advance fee fraud,
nonauction/non-delivery of merchandise, and overpayment fraud.

Organized crime is a business operation that supplies illegal goods and services for profit.
Crime Classifications and Statistics
Crime Statistics

oActual crimes versus reported crimes

oActual number is actually higher than reported due to non-


reporting

oOnly about 50% of crime is reported (higher or lower


depending on crime
Crime Classifications and Statistics
Terrorism is the calculated, unlawful use of physical
force or threats of violence against persons or
property to intimidate or coerce a government,
organization, or individual to gain some political,
religious, economic, or social objective.
Crime Classifications and Statistics
Gender and Crime
oMales are arrested for significantly more crimes than females.

Age, Class, and Crime


oAge of offender is one of the most significant factors associated with crime.
oIndividuals from all classes commit crimes; they simply commit different kinds of
crimes.

Race and Crime


oArrest rates by race do not match with the proportion of a racial group within the
larger population.
The Criminal Justice System
Punishment is any action designed to deprive a person of things
of value (including liberty) because of some offense the person is
thought to have committed.
1. Retribution
2. General deterrence
3. Incapacitation
4. Rehabilitation

The Death Penalty – Arguments for and against it


Misdemeanors
◦ Less serious offences punishable by jail (Usually less than a year),
community service and/or a fine.
Felonies
◦ Serious offenses punishable by a year or more in state prison.
Juvenile crime
◦ The breaking of criminal laws by individuals younger than age 18.
Recidivism
◦ Repeated criminal behavior after punishment.

23
Discussi Which of these goals of punishment
on would you say is most important?

Are there any laws we should


change or abolish?

24
The Future of Transnational Crime and
the Global Criminal Economy
Transnational crime occurs across multiple
national borders.
◦ What can we do to that criminals across borders do not
escape justice?

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