PRACTICAL

R E S E A RC H 1
CHAPTER 1

WARLEY JR. B. MALA-AY, LPT

CHAPTER 1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
HYPOTHESIS
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
DEFENITION OF TERMS
BACKGROUND OF THE
STUDY • This part of the research includes
information which would focus attention
on the importance and validity of the
problem.
• It presents your background of the study
that indicates your topic and aims, and
gives an overview of the paper.
STATEMENT OF THE
PROBLEM • This is the basic difficulty, the issue, the
area of concern, the circumstances that
exist then how they ought to be.
• The 5 W’s can be used to spark the
discussion about the problem.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
• This part of research includes
information which would focus attention
on the importance of and validity of the
problem.
• They set out what you hope to achieve
at the end of the paper.
HYPOTHESIS
• A research hypothesis is a statement of
expectation or prediction that will be
tested by research.
• Null hypothesis and Alternative
hypothesis are competing claims used in
statistical hypothesis testing.
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
• is a structured representation of the
variables, relationships, and theories
underlying a research study.
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
• It provides a visual or written guide to
help researchers define the scope of
their work, clarify research objectives,
and connect findings to broader
theoretical foundations.
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
• A well-crafted conceptual framework
ensures that research is coherent,
organized, and grounded in
established knowledge.
 CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
Key Features:
1.Defines Variables: Identifies the
independent, dependent, and mediating
variables in the study.
2.Establishes Relationships: Shows
how variables interact or influence each
other.
3.Guides Research: Helps researchers
design studies, collect data, and
 CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
Types of Conceptual Framework
1. Descriptive Conceptual
Framework
2. Explanatory Conceptual
Framework
3. Predictive Conceptual Framework
4. Analytical Conceptual Framework
5. Integrative Conceptual
 CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
Types of Conceptual Framework
1. Descriptive Conceptual Framework
•Focus: Describes the key concepts and their
relationships without predicting outcomes.
•Use Case: Ideal for exploratory studies aiming to
understand phenomena.
•Example: A framework illustrating the factors
influencing consumer preferences, such as price, quality,
and branding
 CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
Types of Conceptual Framework
2. Explanatory Conceptual Framework
•Focus: Explains causal or correlational relationships
between variables.
•Use Case: Suitable for studies aiming to test
hypotheses or causal links.
•Example: A framework showing how work environment
affects employee productivity through motivation.
 CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
Types of Conceptual Framework
3. Predictive Conceptual Framework
•Focus: Forecasts outcomes based on relationships
among variables.
•Use Case: Common in studies seeking to predict trends
or behaviors.
•Example: A model predicting customer satisfaction
based on service quality and response time
 CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
Types of Conceptual Framework
4. Analytical Conceptual Framework
•Focus: Breaks down complex systems into smaller,
manageable components.
•Use Case: Used in studies analyzing multifaceted
systems or problems.
•Example: Analyzing the impact of government policies
on economic growth, breaking it into policy type, sectoral
impact, and GDP changes
 CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
Types of Conceptual Framework
5. Integrative Conceptual Framework
•Focus: Combines multiple theories or models to address
a research question.
•Use Case: Ideal for interdisciplinary studies requiring
insights from various fields.
•Example: Merging psychological and sociological
theories to study social media’s influence on mental
health.
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Example 1: Educational Research

Research Question: How does parental involvement affect students’
academic performance?
Conceptual Framework:
•Independent Variable: Parental Involvement (e.g., time spent helping with
homework).
•Dependent Variable: Academic Performance (e.g., grades or test scores).
•Mediating Variable: Student Motivation.
•Framework Visualization:
• Arrows from “Parental Involvement” to “Student Motivation” and “Academic
Performance.”
• An arrow from “Student Motivation” to “Academic Performance.”
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Example 2: Business Research

Research Question: What factors influence customer loyalty
in online shopping?
Conceptual Framework:
•Independent Variables: Website Usability, Product Quality,
Customer Support.
•Dependent Variable: Customer Loyalty.
•Moderating Variable: Customer Satisfaction.
•Framework Visualization:
•Arrows from each independent variable to “Customer
Loyalty,” with “Customer Satisfaction” as a moderator
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Example 3: Healthcare Research

Research Question: How do lifestyle factors impact cardiovascular
health?
Conceptual Framework:
•Independent Variables: Diet, Exercise, Stress Levels.
•Dependent Variable: Cardiovascular Health.
•Mediating Variable: Body Mass Index (BMI).
•Framework Visualization:
• Arrows from “Diet,” “Exercise,” and “Stress Levels” to “BMI” and
“Cardiovascular Health.”
SCOPE AND
DELIMITATION
Scope - describe the coverage of your study.
Delimit - by citing factors or variables that are
not to be included and the boundary in terms of
frame, number of subjects and etc. who are
excluded. Specify that which you will not deal
within the study.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
STUDY
• It is a justification of the importance of your
work and impact it has on your research
field, its contribution to new knowledge and
how other will benefit it.
DEFENITION OF TERMS
• Defines the key concepts, variables, and
terminology used in the study. It's a glossary
of terms that helps readers understand the
research.