Culture health society

 Unit vi
 Population and demography
 Presented by ALLAHBACHAYO
 Objectives
By the end of the Session, students will be able to
 Define demography and population
 Identify key demographic characteristics of Pakistan's
population.
 Analyze population pyramids
 Identify and describe different groups of Pakistan
 Recognize the factors driving population shifts from rural to
urban areas.
 Discuss the challenges faced by immigrants
Demography:
• The scientific study of human population, with reference to their
size, structure, and distribution.
• It helps us understand the dynamics of population change, which
can have a significant impact on society.(Xie, 2000)
Population
• The whole number of inhabitants occupying an area (such as a
country or the world) and continually being modified by increases
(births and immigrations) and losses (deaths and emigrations).
• In Pakistan, the population has been a significant focus due to its
size and growth rate.
(Caldwell, 1996)
• The current population is estimated to be around 23S million, and it is
projected to reach 300 million by 2050.
• This rapid population growth is putting a strain on the country's resources, such
as food, water, and infrastructure.

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(Demographic and Research I akistan Bureau ofstatistics, 2020.)

 A population pyramid is a graphical representation of the age and
sex structure of a population.
•It is typically displayed as a bar graph, with the age groups on the x-axis and
the number of people in each age group on the y-axis.
• Males are typically shown on the left side of the graph and females on the
right.
•It is a useful tool for understanding the demographic structure of a population.
The population pyramid of Pakistan is a classic example of a "young"
population pyramid.
•A broad-based pyramid indicates that a population is growing, as there are a
large number of young people in the population.
•A narrow pyramid indicates that a population is shrinking, as there are a
smaller number of young people in the population.
• (Shamim,2019j
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Sources

(Population of Pakistan 2020 - PopulationPyramid.Net, 2020)

There are three main types of population pyramids:
a) Expansive: An expansive population pyramid has a broad base, indicating that
the population is growing.
This type of pyramid is typically found in developing countries with high
birth rates.
b) Constrictive: A constrictive population pyramid has a narrow base, indicating
that the population is shrinking.
This type of pyramid is typically found in developed countries with low birth
rates.
c) Stationary: A stationary population pyramid has a rectangular shape,
indicating that the population is neither growing nor shrinking.
This type of pyramid is rare, but it can be found in countries with low birth
rates and low death rates.
 Population Pyramid of
Pakistan
Show an example and draw a population pyramid for
Pakistan. Discuss the age groups and theé proportions
Highlight significant patterns or trends
 Urbanizatio
•Urbanization isnthe process of population shifting
from rural to urban areas.
•The urban population is growing at an annual rate of
.

• It is projected that by 2050, more than half of

the population will live in urban areas.
•The main reasons for urbanization and migration
in Pakistan are economic opportunities, education,
and healthcare.
•People are moving to urban areas in search of
better jobs, education, and healthcare.

(Demographic and Research I akistan Bureau ofstatistics, 2020.)

 Pushand Pull Factors of Urbanization

a) Lack of job opportunities: Rural seas often have limited

job opportunities
This cv lead to high unemployment md poverty which
cv push people to move to cities in sench of better jobs.
b) Lack of education: Rural seas often have limited
access to quality education, especially at the higher levels
c) Lack of healthcare: Rural sea s often have limited
access to quality healthcne. This cv be a major problem
for people with chronic health conditions
d) Natural disasters: Rural seas we more vulnerable to
natural disasters such as floods, droughts, md eKhquJes

(I, rooj et at., 2020)

 Push and Pull
Factors of
Urbanization
a) Better employment opportunities: Cities
often have a variety of businesses and
industries, which creates more J Ob
opportunities for people with
different skills and qualifications.
b) Amenities: Cities offer a wider range
of
facilities like restaurants, shops,
entenainment venues, and
healthcare facilities.
c) Lifestyle: Cities offer a more fast-paced
and exciting lifestyle
(I, rooj et at., 2020)
 Migration in
Pakistan
The permanent change of residence by an individual or group ,either within a
country or between countries.
•Interna1 migration
• The movement of people within a country.
•Internationa1 migration
• The movement of people between countries.
 Rural-to-Urban
Migration
•The mod ement of people from
rural seas to urbw seas.
•The most common trpe of
migration in PJ i s t w.
•Driven by factors such as lack of job
opportunities in rural seas, better education md
healthcne in urbw seas, md the attraction of citr
life.
•Has led to the rapid growth of cities
in PJistw, such as Knachi, LJore, md
Isl abad.
•Has also put a strain on the resources of
these cities, such as housing, infrastructure,
md employment.
 (hlalik, 2015)
 International
•
migration
The movement of people between countries.
• Pakistan is a major source of international
migrants, with millions of Pakistanis
living and working in other
countries.
• The most common destinations for
Pakistani migrants are the Gulf countries,
such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab
Emirates, and Qatar.
• Pakistani migrants often go to these
countries in search of better job
opportunities and higher wages.
• International migration has had a
significant impact on Pakistan, both
economically and socially.
(Mitchell, 1989)

There are over 3.5 million registered Af ian refugees livñig ii Pakistan. This
makes Pakistan the world's second largest refugee liostñig country, after
Turkey.
 Social Impact of International
Migration
• International migration can have a negative impact on families and cornrnunitics
in Pakistan.
• Migrants often have to leave their families behind for long periods of time,
which can put a strain on relationships.
• Migrants may also experience discrimination and exploitation in their
host countries.
• International migration can also have a positive impact on families
and communities in Pakistan.
• Migrants often send money back to thcir families, which can help to
improve
their standard of living.
• Migrants may also bring back new skills and ideas to their communities,
which can help to boost developrncnt.
(Lee et al., 2014)
 References:
1. C alily ell, J. C . (1996). Deniogratiliv anil social science.Poyui n Stalies, .›"0{Z), 30S—ZZZ.
2. Drmografñiic rind Resrar•!• I • k i s t a n Bureiiu ofstatistics. (u.it.). Retrieveil August 9, 2023, from
R content. ‹leino liic-null-i even i cli

3. FORTH, ., SIDDIQUI, S., BEZEL, S., F I L L E D , S. AI. A., BAKHSH, A., & TOL SEEF, II. (2023). C LIAIATE—
INDL CUED AIICiRATION ID ASSOC/IATED RISKS IN PAKISTAJ"i: A SYSTEJ¥LtTIC/ RESUE1T. Aussinn
Ana'Journni, 11(12s).

4. Ikraniiillali, Si. S., & Rehniau, N. U. (2011). Economic ami social ilinieusious of riii'al-urbau migration in Pakistan: Results from a recent
siiivey in the North west Pakistan. Intrrniinonof boumf ofBusinrss enâ Sociiil Science, 2{3).

Lee, J., C:arliug, J., A Oi'reuiiis, P. (2014). The international migration i'evieu at 50: Reflecting on half a centniy of international
migration i'eseai'cli and looking aheart. Intrrniitioniil.Migration Review', 48{1 suptil), 3—36.

6. Alalik, A. S. (20 IS). Rural Urbau Aligratiou: Socio-C:iiltiiral C'lianges in Pa kista n- P r o eutive Aleasiires Takeu By Ciovernnient ami C:ivil
Society To C:ontrol It. The Profrssioniil .Wrdir«i +»«» «i, zz(oq, 6 7 m g 2 .

7. J¥Ialik, AI. S., Afzal, AI., Fariil, A., Khan, F. Y., Alirza, B., & lValieeil, II. T. (2019). Disease status of Afghan i'efiigees aim
migrants in Pakistan. Fronners in Dubl ir Health, r, i is.

Alitcliell, C:. (i 9g9). Iutei'uatioual migration, international i'elatious ami foreigu tiolicy. mmmmount.W grnfion Rrvien',23(3), au i—
7og.

9. Hhaminn, UI. A. (n.th.). Pofiul Simon Projection of Piikiston.- h u r t is therr in 2028?

10. L rooj, I., Javeil, I., & Aliniail, S. (2020). Intentions to Urbau Aligration aniong Yoiith: A Chase of District Kliiishab of Pakistan.
JoumnJ of
LronomirZmynr/, c(1), 24—36.

Il. Xie, Y. (2000). Deniogratihy: Past, tiresent, aim future. Journiil of the .4 mance n Stotisticiil.4ssociiition,9S{4S0), 670—W/3.