NURSING

INFORMATICS
COMPUTER LITERACY
 OUTLINE

• Computers and their functions

• Categories of computers
• Parts of a computer
• Booting a computer
• Microsoft windows
 OUTLINE

• The computer mouse

• Launching programs/applications
• Components of a window
• Folders
• Shutting down the computer
 COMPUTER LITERACY

• Use of computers and technological tools have mandated

computer literacy
• Who is a computer literate?
• knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses.

• A computer - electronic device that accepts data as inputs

processes the data and gives us information as outputs and
has the ability to store this information for future retrieval
and use
BASIC FUNCTIONS OF A COMPUTER

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

STORAGE
 CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS

• Super Computers
• Largest and most expensive category of computers
• Perform billions of instructions every second
• Used to run artificial intelligence programs
 CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS

• Mainframes
• Capable of processing several million instructions per
second
• Used as a storage for large database for institutions like
hospitals
• Serve a maximum number of users simultaneously.
 CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS

• Minicomputer
• Smaller version of a mainframe
• Used to control scientific and laboratory experiments and process
the data generated by those experiments
• Found in hospitals.
 CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS

• Microcomputer
• a complete computer on a small scale, designed for use by one person
at a time
• called a Personal Computer (PC)
• Common microcomputers: laptops and desktops.
 CATEGORIES OF COMPUTERS

• Mobile device
• portable electronic devices
• designed for communication, browsing the internet,
running applications, ETC.
 PARTS OF THE COMPUTER

• Two (2) main parts

• Hardware and Software
• Hardware - physical part of the computer, Seen, touched.
• Hardware components
• Input Device - used to enter data
• ✓ Scanner ✓ Keyboard ✓ Trackball
• ✓ Mouse ✓ Barcode Reader ✓ Joystick,
• ✓ Camera ✓ Biometric Sensor ✓ Microphone
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• Output Devices: hardware components/devices used to view and

hear processed data
•✓ Monitor ✓ Printer ✓ Headphone
•✓ Projector
• ✓ Speaker
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• Processing Device: devices that manipulate data in the computer

system
• Central Processing Unit (CPU) - "brain" of the computer

• Two components: ALU and CU

• Arithmetic Logic Unit: mathematical operations and the comparison
of two pieces of data.

• Control Unit: Manages instructions to other parts of the computer,

including input and output
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• Storage devices

• Devices used in storing information or instruction in the

computer system

• Made up of the memory and secondary storage devices

• Memory: storage area in which program instruction (code)

resides during execution
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• Read-only memory (ROM): has programs built into them at

the factory.
• The instructions or data remains even when the power is
off.
• The ROM is also called fi r m w a r e .
• The computer start-up instructions are found
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• Random access memory (RAM)-

• A temporary storage area for program instructions and data
that is being processed
• Only active while the computer is turned on
• Primary Storage Device in the computer system
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• Secondary storage
• Provides space to retain data in an area separate from the
computer's memory after the computer is turned off
• Hard disk, floppy disk, memory card, tape, pen drives, DVD,
CD, etc. SD / Memory Card Floppy Disk Tape

Hard Disk Pen Drive

External Hard Disk DVD / CD
 Software

• It is the step-by-step instruction that tells the computer hardware

how to accomplish a given task.
• Intangible components made of instructions for the computer’s
functioning

• Two categories of computer software

• System software and
• Application software
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• System Software: It consists of the programs that control the

operations of a computer and its devices.
• Types of system software are

• Operating system: An operating system (OS) coordinates all

activities among hardware devices and contains instructions that
allow you to run application software. Eg. Window OS, Linux, and
the Mac OS
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• Utility software: Utility software performs tasks related to

checking and maintaining the computer, its devices, or its
programs. Eg. Antivirus, Tweaking and Tuning Software.

• Drivers: A driver is a software that controls a hardware.

• Application Software: consists of programs that perform

specific tasks for users.
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• Popular application software includes;

• Word processing software eg, Ms Word, Notepad, and Wordpad
• Spreadsheet software, eg. Ms Excel
• Presentation graphics software eg. Ms PowerPoint
• Browsers, eg. Google Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Safari, and
Opera Mini
• Games eg. Fifa, Zuma, RoadRash, and Sparkle
• Image and Video Editing Software eg. Adobe Fireworks and Windows
Movie Maker
 BOOTING UP A COMPUTER

• Booting is the act of starting a computer system

• An operating system (OS) is loaded into the computer's main
memory or RAM
• Types of Booting

• 1. Cold booting- is starting a computer that has been turned off

• 2. Warm booting- is the process of restarting the computer after it

has been in operation for a while.

• It is also known as rebooting

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• Steps in Cold Booting

• 1. Switch on the wall socket
• 2. Switch on the system unit
• 3. Switch on the monitor

• Steps in Cold Booting (Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) Attached)

• 1. Switch on wall socket
• 2. Switch on the UPS
• 3. Switch on the system unit
• 4. Switch on the monitor
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• Methods of Warm Booting

• Using the CTRL, ALT and DEL Keys

• a. Press on all the three keys (CTRL, ALT, and DEL) simultaneously.

• b. Select the start task manager button

• c. Click on Restart to reboot the computer

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• Microsoft windows

• Windows is a graphical operating system developed by microsoft

• A platform that allows users to view and store files, run the
software, play games, watch videos, and provides a way to connect
to the internet

• Provides an interface for user interaction, normally referred to as

desktop.
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• Features of the Desktop Screen

• Icons: A graphic representation of programs, files and folders on
the computer.
• Recycle Bin
• Network
• My Computer, etc

• Taskbar: horizontal bar at the bottom: has the notification area,

and frequently used apps
Icons

taskbar
 THE MOUSE

• A handheld hardware, input device that controls a cursor in a GUI

• GUI - graphical user interface = To use icons, files, and folders on your
computer
• Mouse buttons
• The left/primary mouse button - for selecting menu commands and objects
that appear on the desktop or within windows.
• Scroll wheel –for displaying hidden content that are not in the view area by
scrolling
• The right/ secondary mouse button - used to display shortcuts menu for
objects.
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Scroll Wheel

Left button Right button

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• Common Mouse Functions/Actions

• Point- Slide the mouse on the desk to position the tip of the mouse
over the desired object on the screen.

• Click- Press down and release the left mouse button quickly

• Right-click- Press down and release the right mouse button quickly
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• Double-click- press down and release the mouse button twice in

rapid succession- used to select and open an object.

• Drag and Drop - is a method of moving computer files or images

from one place to another by clicking on them with the mouse
and moving them across the screen

• Scrolling- It is used to view various parts or sections of hidden

content in a document.
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• LAUNCHING PROGRAMS/APPLICATIONS

• Opening/starting a program or application is known as

launching.

• All the programs or applications on the computer can be

accessed on the START menu found at the bottom left
corner of the computer screen
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• STEPS TO LAUNCH A PROGRAM

• i. Move the cursor to the START button and click on it

• ii. Clicking on the START button will open the START MENU

• iii. Move the mouse pointer to ALL PROGRAMS and click on it

• iv. From the PROGRAMS MENU choose the one you want to
use
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• Components of a window

• Windows are areas on the screen which are rectangular and bordered,
and form a communication concept between the user and the task.

• Every application that you run has its own corresponding window on the
desktop,

• Multiple applications will result in multiple windows on the screen.

• Active window is the one that is currently selected.

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Title bar

Status
bar
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• Title bar

• Located at the top of the window. It contains the name of the

application, current document. It also differentiates an active
window from inactive windows.

• Control buttons

• Minimize button: This button allows the user to temporarily hide

the window without closing it, making it easy to access later.
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• Maximize button: maximizes the window, making it to occupy the

entire screen.

• Allows the user to have a larger view of the content.

• Close button: closes the window and closes the application or process
associated with it.

• Allows the user to end the application or process and free up

resources.
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• Status bar:
• Located at the bottom of the window.
• Provides information about the opened window or elements
within the window

• FOLDERS
• location that helps in storing and organizing files and data in the
computer
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• Creating a Folder

• 1. Open the disk or folder where you want to create a folder

• 2. Right-click an empty part of the window to display a shortcut

menu

• 3. Choose New

• 4. Select Folder

• 5. Type a folder name

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• NB: Folder names should not contain any of the following

characters
Forward slash (/)
- (\)
Back slash - (>)
Greater than (<)
(*)
sign –
Less than sign
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• Renaming a Folder

• To rename a folder,

• 1. Right click on the folder

• 2. Select Rename from the menu

• 3. Type in the new name and press ENTER

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• Creating Subfolders

• 1. Double-click to open the already existing folder

• 2. Right-click in the opened folder

• 3. Select New from the pop-up menu

• 4. Click on Folder

• 5. Type the name of the new folder and press ENTER key
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• Deleting Folders
• Right-click the folder that you want to delete and click DELETE
• OR
• Select the folder, and then pressing Delete key

• SHUTTING DOWN THE COMPUTER

• i. Click on the “Start” Button
• ii. Click on the “Turn Off Computer” Button
• iii. Click on the “Turn Off” Button
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• Shut Down Options/Power options

• Turn off - Use this option when you are done with the current session
and want to turn off the computer.
• Restart the computer- Use this option when you want to continue
working with the computer but you want to load fresh copy of
windows into memory.
• Stand by/Sleep- Use this option when leaving the computer for some
time. It turns off the monitor and the hard disk. Pressing any button
on the keyboard brings the computer to working mode.
• Log Off- When you log off from Windows, all of the programs you were
using are closed, but the computer is not turned off.
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Thank you