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Atom and Atomic Theory(2)

The document discusses atomic theory, including models such as Thomson's Plum Pudding Model, Rutherford's Nuclear Model, and the Quantum Mechanical Model. It explains isotopes, isotope notation, and the significance of quantum numbers in defining atomic orbitals and their properties. Additionally, it covers the Pauli Exclusion Principle and the Law of Multiple Proportions.

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Satyr Codm
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18 views34 pages

Atom and Atomic Theory(2)

The document discusses atomic theory, including models such as Thomson's Plum Pudding Model, Rutherford's Nuclear Model, and the Quantum Mechanical Model. It explains isotopes, isotope notation, and the significance of quantum numbers in defining atomic orbitals and their properties. Additionally, it covers the Pauli Exclusion Principle and the Law of Multiple Proportions.

Uploaded by

Satyr Codm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Atoms and Atomic

Theory
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JJ THOMSON

PLUM PUDDING MODEL

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ERNEST
RUTHERFORD
NUCLEAR MODEL

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PLANETARY MODEL

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ERNEST RUTHERFORD
QUANTUM MECHANICAL MODEL

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STRUCTURE OF ATOM

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NUCLEONS

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ISOTOPES

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ISOTOPE NOTATION
ISOTOPE NOTATION INCLUDES ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT AN ISOTOPE. IN ADDITION TO THE
CHEMICAL SYMBOL, THE MASS NUMBER AND THE ATOMIC NUMBER ARE INCLUDED. THIS ALLOWS
INFORMATION ABOUT THE NUCLEUS TO BE DETERMINED.

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ISOTOPES

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ELECTRONS

Valence electron

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Valence electron

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Orbital should be filled singly before pairing

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Pauli Exclusion Principle

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Quantum Numbers:
Specify the properties of atomic orbitals
and their electrons.
Four Quantum Numbers
1. Principal Quantum Number
2. Orbital Quantum Number
3. Magnetic Quantum Number
4. Spin Quantum Number
Principal Quantum Number, n
• Indicates main energy levels
n = 1, 2, 3, 4…

• Each main energy level has sub-levels


Orbital Quantum Number, ℓ
(Azimuthal/Angular Momentum Quantum
Number)
• Indicates shape of orbital sublevels
• ℓ = 0 to n-1
ℓ sublevel
0 s
1 p
2 d
3 f
4 g
Magnetic Quantum Number, ml
• Indicates the orientation of the orbital in space.
• Values of ml : integers -l to l
• The number of values represents the
number of orbitals.
• Example:
for l= 2, ml = -2, -1, 0, +1, +2

Which sublevel does this represent?


Answer: d
Example:

• List the values of the four quantum numbers


for orbitals in the 3d sublevel.
• Answer:
n=3
l=2
ml = -2,-1, 0, +1, +2
ms = +1/2, -1/2 for each pair of
electrons
Electron Spin Quantum Number, (ms or s)

• Indicates the spin of the electron (clockwise or


counterclockwise).
• Values of ms: +1/2, -1/2
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LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS

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Group Activity
isotopes protons neutrons electrons
1.

2.

3.

4.

5. 11 11 10

6. 7 8 7

7. 5 7 2
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