GOOD DAY!

Guess if the picture is a computer

part or a computer peripheral.

Computer part Computer peripheral Computer part

Computer peripheral Computer peripheral

Computer part
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
• Explain the computer system.
• Differentiate between computer parts and peripherals.
• Explain the parts of a computer and their functions.
• Give examples of peripherals and their uses.
What is a computer?
A computer is an electronic device that
manipulates information, or data. It has the
ability to store, retrieve, and process data.
COMPUTER
SYSTEM
• Computer System refers to the
complete setup that includes both
the internal components (computer
parts) and the external devices
(peripherals) that work together to
create a functional computing
environment.
• This term encompasses all the
hardware elements that make up a
fully operational computer setup.
Computer parts versus
Computer peripherals
• The computer parts are the essential internal components
of a computer that work together to process data, run
software applications, and perform various tasks. Each
component plays a crucial role in the overall functionality of
the computer system.
• Peripherals expand the capabilities of the computer and
allow users to interact with the system, input data, output
information, and perform various tasks.
Parts of a Computer
1. Computer case or
chassis
• The computer case plays a crucial
role in housing and protecting the
internal components of the
computer.
• It provides physical support,
organization, and cooling for the
essential parts of the computer, such
as the motherboard, CPU, RAM,
storage drives, and power supply
unit.
2. Motherboard
• The motherboard is the main
circuit board that connects all
the components of the
computer together.
• It provides communication
between the CPU, memory,
storage, and other peripherals.
Types of motherboard
3. Central Processing
Unit (CPU)
• The CPU is often referred to as
the "brain" of the computer.
• It carries out instructions and
performs calculations for various
tasks.
4. CPU COOLER or COOLING
SYSTEM

• A CPU cooler or cooling

system, which includes fans
and heat sinks, helps
regulate the temperature of
the components to prevent
overheating and ensure
optimal performance.
5. Random Access
Memory (RAM)
• RAM is the temporary memory
where data and programs are
stored while the computer is
running.
• It allows for quick access to
data for processing.
Types of RAM
1. SRAM (Static Random Access Memory):
- SRAM is faster and more expensive than other
types of RAM.
- Usually integrated directly onto the CPU or GPU.
- SRAM does not need to be refreshed like DRAM.

2. DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory):

- DRAM stores data in capacitors and needs to be
refreshed periodically.
- It is the main type of memory used in most
computers.
- DRAM is less expensive but slower than SRAM.
Types of DRAM include:
- Asynchronous DRAM (ADRAM)
- Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM)
- Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM)
- DDR SDRAM Generations:
DDR - DDR2 - DDR3 - DDR4 - DDR5
- Rambus DRAM (RDRAM) - Cache DRAM (CDRAM)
 6. Hard Disk Drive
Hard Disk Drive (HDD) (HDD)
Solid-State Drive
•(SSD)
The HDD or SSD is the storage
device where data is
permanently saved.
• It stores the operating system,
software, programs, files, and
documents.

Solid-State Drive (SSD)

7. Expansion card
• An expansion card, also known as an expansion board
or adapter card, is a printed circuit board that can be
inserted into an expansion slot on a computer's
motherboard to add functionality or features to the
system.
• Expansion cards allow users to customize and
enhance the capabilities of their computers by
providing additional hardware components.
Some common types of expansion
cards
• Graphics cards (Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)): Enhance
graphics performance for gaming or design applications
• Network interface cards (NIC): Add Ethernet or Wi-Fi connectivity
• Sound cards: Improve audio quality and provide additional audio
features
• Storage controller cards: Enable additional storage options such
as RAID configurations
• USB expansion cards: Add more USB ports for connecting
peripherals
• Expansion cards for specialized functions like video capture, TV
tuners, or additional ports
GRAPHICS CARD
WI-FI CARD NETWORK CARD
• Expansion Slots: Computers have
different types of expansion slots
on the motherboard to
accommodate various expansion
cards, such as PCI (Peripheral
Component Interconnect), PCIe
(Peripheral Component
Interconnect Express), and AGP
(Accelerated Graphics Port) slots.
• Installation: To install an expansion card, you need to
power off the computer, open the case, locate the
appropriate expansion slot, insert the card firmly into
the slot, secure it with a screw, and then connect any
necessary cables.

• Benefits: Expansion cards provide flexibility and

customization options for users to upgrade their
systems according to their specific needs, without
having to replace the entire computer.
8.Power Supply Unit
(PSU)
• The PSU provides power to
the computer components.
• It converts electricity from the
outlet into usable power for
the computer.
AC power socket
power cord

Connect one end to AC power socket

Note: Always turn off your power supply unit (with
the 1-0 switch at the back) before connecting a
power cord to it.
PSU Connectors
(20 + 4 Pin) ATX Power
Connector /
Main power connector

ATX motherboard
power connector
 (4 + 4 Pin) ATX 12V Power Connector
Also known as CPU power connector,
P4 power connector

ATX 12V power connector on a

Note: For most computers, you will just motherboard
need to connect a single 4 pin connector.
SATA Power Connector
Also known as SATA power cable,
Serial-ATA power cable

Power connectors on SATA

hard drives and SATA optical
drives
(4 Pin) Molex Connector
Also known as peripheral
connector

Power connectors of IDE hard

drives and IDE optical drives
Molex to SATA Power Adapter

Power connectors of SATA hard drives and

SATA optical drives
Molex to 3 Pin Fan Adapter

Power connectors of computer case fans

(6 Pin) PCI Express Connector
Also known as PCI Express power cable, PCI-E
connector, PCIe connector

Power connectors of PCI

Express graphics card
 (4 Pin) Floppy Drive Connector
Also known as FDD connector

Power connectors of floppy disk drives

Note: This connector has been obsolete for ages, but we are including it in
this PC power connectors guide because you can still (strangely) find it on
modern power supply units.
 9. Optical Drive
• An optical drive allows the
computer to read and write
data from CDs, DVDs, and
Blu-ray discs.
• However, these are
becoming less common with
the rise of digital downloads
and cloud storage.
REVIEW
Questions:
1. This part provides power to the computer
components.
Answer: Power Supply Unit (PSU)
2. What do you call the main circuit board that
connects all the components of the computer
together?
Answer: Motherboard
3. It is a temporary memory where data and programs
are stored while the computer is running.
Answer: RAM
4. Part of a computer where data is permanently saved.
Answer: SSD / HDD
5. Part of a computer carries out instructions and
performs calculations for various tasks.
Answer : CPU
6. It is a printed circuit board that can be inserted into
an expansion slot on a computer's motherboard to
add functionality or features to the system.
Answer: Expansion card
7. It is the main type of memory used in most
computers.
Answer: DRAM
5. This part allows the computer to read and write data
from CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs
Answer : Optical drive
6. What is the name of this PSU
part?
AC power
socket
7. What is the name of this
connector?

(20 + 4 Pin) ATX Power

Connector /
Main power connector
8. What is the name of the connector that connects to the
ATX 12V power connector on a motherboard?

(4 + 4 Pin) ATX 12V Power Connector/

CPU power connector / P4 power
connector
 The end!

GOD BLESS EVERYONE!

GOOD DAY!
COMPUTER PERIPHERAL
A computer peripheral, also known as a
peripheral device, is an external device that
connects to a computer to expand its capabilities.
Monitor
• The monitor works with a video card, located inside the
computer case, to display images and text on the screen.

FLAT PANEL DISPLAY

CATHODE-RAY TUBE (CRT) MONITOR (liquid crystal, light-emitting diodes,
plasma panels, and electroluminescence)
Keyboard
• A computer keyboard is an
input device used to enter
characters and functions into
the computer system by
pressing buttons, or keys.
• It is the primary device used
to enter text.
Mouse
• The mouse is another important tool
for communicating with computers.
• Commonly known as a pointing
device, it lets you point to objects on
the screen, click on them,
and move them.
Computer mouse parts
Mechanical mouse

Rubber
ball
Optical mouse
Categories of computer mice
A. Connection Type
• Wired Mouse: These mice connect directly to the computer
via a cable, typically a USB port.
• Wireless Mouse: These mice use radio frequency (RF),
Bluetooth, or infrared technology to transmit data wirelessly
to a receiver connected to the computer.
• Bluetooth Mouse: A specific type of wireless mouse that
utilizes Bluetooth technology for connection.
B. Sensing Technology
• Mechanical Mouse: These older mice use a rubber ball to
detect motion. The ball rotates as the mouse is moved, and
sensors inside the mouse track the movement.
• Optical Mouse: These mice use an optical sensor to track
movement. The sensor emits light and detects changes in the
reflected light from the surface below.
• Laser Mouse: A type of optical mouse that uses a laser diode
instead of an LED as the light source.
C. Specialized Mouse Types
• Gaming Mouse: These mice are designed specifically for gamers, featuring additional
programmable buttons, high DPI sensors, and ergonomic designs for enhanced
performance and precision.
• Trackball Mouse: These mice have a ball on the top that is moved with the thumb or palm
to control the cursor. Trackball mice are more ergonomic than traditional mice, as they
require less hand movement.
• Vertical Mouse: These mice have a vertical design that positions the hand in a more
natural handshake grip, reducing strain on the wrist and forearm.
• Magic Mouse: Apple's Magic Mouse features a multi-touch surface that allows for swiping
and scrolling gestures. It is compatible with both Apple and Windows computers.
• Touchpad: While not technically a mouse, touchpads are common input devices found on
laptops and some desktop keyboards. They allow users to control the cursor using touch
gestures.
• Trackpoint: This pointing device is often integrated into laptop keyboards, typically
between the G, H, and B keys. Users can control the cursor by pressing the trackpoint with
a fingertip.
Computer speaker
• A computer speaker is
an output hardware device that
connects to a computer to
generate sound.
• The signal used to produce the
sound that comes from a
computer speaker is created by
the computer's sound card.
OTHER PERIPHERAL DEVICES
Input Devices
Input devices allow users to interact with the computer and provide
data.
• Touchpad: A touch-sensitive surface found on laptops and some
keyboards for cursor control.
• Trackpoint: A small, button-like pointing device embedded in laptop
keyboards for cursor control.
• Joystick: A handheld device primarily used for gaming, controlling
characters and objects.
• Gamepad: A handheld controller with buttons, joysticks, and triggers
for gaming.
• Graphics Tablet: A flat surface with a stylus for digital drawing, painting, and
design.
• Touch Screen: A display that responds to touch input, enabling direct interaction.
• Scanner: Captures images or text from physical documents and converts them to
digital data.
• Microphone: Converts sound waves into electrical signals for audio recording
and communication.
• Webcam: A small camera for capturing video and transmitting it in real-time.
• Barcode Scanner: Reads barcodes and converts them into digital information.
• MIDI Controller: Controls music software and hardware with keys, pads, knobs,
and sliders.
• Digital Pen: A stylus-like device for writing or drawing on digital surfaces.
• Drawing Tablet: A digital input device for creating digital illustrations and
sketches
• Gaming Steering Wheel: A specialized controller for racing and driving games.
Output Devices
Output devices display or present information processed by the
computer.
• Printer: Produces physical copies of electronic documents and
images.
• Headphones: Audio devices worn over the ears for private
listening.
• Braille Reader: Produces tactile output for visually impaired
users.
• Portable Projector: Projects images and videos onto a larger
screen.
• External Webcam: A high-quality external camera for
video streaming and conferencing.
• Gaming Headset: A headset optimized for gaming
with high-quality audio and a built-in microphone.
• Portable Bluetooth Speaker: A compact speaker for
wireless music playback and audio streaming.
Storage Devices
Storage devices store data for later retrieval and access.
• External Hard Drive: Provides additional storage space for files and
media.
• USB Flash Drive: A portable storage device for data backup and
transportation.
• External SSD: A compact and fast solid-state drive for additional storage.
• External DVD Drive: Allows users to read and write data to CDs and DVDs.
• Card Reader: Reads and writes data from memory cards used in digital
cameras and other devices.
• Compact Disk (CD): A storage medium for data, music, and software.
Other Peripherals
• Docking Station: Connects to a laptop and provides additional ports
and functionality.
• UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply): Provides battery backup during
power outages.
• Numeric Keypad: A separate input device with numeric keys for data
entry and calculations.
• USB Hub: Expands the number of USB ports on a computer.
• Wi-Fi Range Extender: Amplifies and extends the range of a wireless
network.
• USB-C Docking Station: A docking station specifically designed for
USB-C devices.
• Wireless Presenter: A handheld device for controlling presentations
remotely.
• Wireless Charging Pad: Charges compatible devices wirelessly using
induction technology.
• KVM Switch: Allows users to share multiple computers with a single
keyboard, monitor, and mouse.
REVIEW
Questions:
• This device allows us to hear sound from the
computer?
Answer : Speaker
• What device is used to enter text into the computer?
Answer: Keyboard
• This is also known as a pointing device.
Answer: Mouse
• It is a peripheral machine which makes a durable
representation of graphics or text, usually on paper.
Answer: Printer
• A device used to display images and text on the
screen.
Answer: Monitor
 The end!

GOD BLESS EVERYONE!