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Introduction of General Bacteriology

Microbiology is the science that studies microbes, which are small living organisms. The scope of microbiology includes various fields such as medical, veterinary, and industrial microbiology. Key historical figures in microbiology include Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Joseph Lister, and Ignaz Semmelweis, who made significant contributions to the understanding of microorganisms and their effects on health.

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14 views

Introduction of General Bacteriology

Microbiology is the science that studies microbes, which are small living organisms. The scope of microbiology includes various fields such as medical, veterinary, and industrial microbiology. Key historical figures in microbiology include Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Joseph Lister, and Ignaz Semmelweis, who made significant contributions to the understanding of microorganisms and their effects on health.

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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Definition

 Microbiology :
 It is the science which deals with the

study microbes.
 Microbe:
 Derived from “Micro” and “Bios”.

‘Micro’ means ‘small’ or ‘minute’ and


‘Bios’ means living organism. So,
‘microbe’ is a small living organism or
also called micro-organism.
1
Definition(contd.)
 They are microscopic or sub-
microscopic; unicellular,
multicellular or even sub-cellular.

2
Scope of microbiology
 Medical Microbiology
 Veterinary Microbiology
 Plant Microbiology
 Soil Microbiology
 Industrial Microbiology
 Marine Microbiology
 Space Microbiology
3
Medical Microbiology :
Subjects
TERM I
 General Bacteriology

 Systemic bacteriology

 Immunology

TERM II
 Parasitology
 Virology
 Mycology
4
History of Microbiology—
Scientists with great contribution:
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)-
Father of Microbiology.

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 Louis Pasture, the French chemist and
microbiologist who pioneered and
develop the methods & technology of
bacteriology; discovered that
microorganisms
cause fermentation and disease;
originated the process
of pasteurization; developed vaccines
for Rabies, Cholera, Anthrax;
developed steam sterilized autoclave,
hot air oven. 6
Robert Koch (1842-1910)-
Father of Bacteriology

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 German physician Robert Koch was one
of the founders of bacteriology. He
discovered the anthrax disease cycle
and the bacteria responsible
for tuberculosis and cholera. He
received the Nobel Prize for Physiology
or Medicine in 1905 for his research on
tuberculosis. Introduced staining
method and pure culture method using
solid media.
 Robert Koch developed four criteria to
prove that a specific organism causes a
disease– Koch’s Postulate. 8
Joseph Lister ( 1827-
1912)- Father of
antisepsis.

9
 Joseph Lister was a British surgeon
who was the founder of antiseptic
medicine and a pioneer in preventive
medicine. He is credited to have
introduced the method of sterilizing
surgical instruments with carbolic
acid which greatly reduced the risk of
post-operative infections in patients.
 He was made baronet in 1883 and
raised to the peerage in 1897.

10
Ignaz Semmelweis (1818-
1865)- Father of hand Hygene
& saviour of million lives.

11
 Ignaz Semmelweis made an
invaluable contribution to the field
of microbiology in the 1840s by
discovering that hand-washing
significantly reduced the number
of deaths among women after
childbirth. The Hungarian physician
found out that microbes that
caused infections were easily
transferred from one person to
another in hospital clinics. 12
Terminology
 Adherence (adhesion, attachment): The process by
which bacteria stick to the surfaces of host cells. Once
bacteria have entered the body, adherence is a major
initial step in the infection process. The terms
adherence, adhesion, & attachment are often used.
 Carrier: A person or animal with asymptomatic infection
that can be transmitted to another susceptible person
or animal.
 Infection: Multiplication of an infectious agent within
the body. Multiplication of the bacteria that are part of
the normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, etc,
is generally not considered an infection; on the other
hand, multiplication of pathogenic bacteria (eg,
samonella species) – even if the person is
asymptomatic – is deemed an infection. 13
Terminology
 Invasion: The process where by bacteria, animal parasites,
fungi & viruses enter host cells or tissues & spread in the
body.
 Nonpathogen: A microorganism that does not cause
disease; may be part of the Microbiome (normal flora).
 Opportunistic pathogen: An agent capable of causing
disease only when the host’s resistance is impaired (eg.
When the patient is “immunocompromised”).
 Pathogen: A microorganism capable of causing disease.
 Pathogenecity: the ability of an infectious agent to cause
disease.
 Toxigenecity: the ability of a microorganism to produced a
toxin that contributes to the development of disease.
 Virulance: The quantitative ability of an agent to cause
disease. Virulant agents cause disease when introduced into
the host in small numbers. Virulence involves invasion &
14
Difference between Prokaryotic
(primitive) and Eukaryotic (advanced)
cells

15
16
Examples of Prokaryotes and
Eukaryotes

17

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