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Introduction to Hypersonic Vehicles (1)[1]

Hypersonic vehicles, defined as those exceeding Mach 5, are characterized by extreme speeds and temperatures, with applications in military, space, and commercial sectors. Key challenges include aerodynamic heating, material integrity, and thermal management, necessitating advanced materials and cooling systems. Future developments promise efficient designs and enhanced capabilities, despite ongoing challenges in propulsion and control.

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3 views9 pages

Introduction to Hypersonic Vehicles (1)[1]

Hypersonic vehicles, defined as those exceeding Mach 5, are characterized by extreme speeds and temperatures, with applications in military, space, and commercial sectors. Key challenges include aerodynamic heating, material integrity, and thermal management, necessitating advanced materials and cooling systems. Future developments promise efficient designs and enhanced capabilities, despite ongoing challenges in propulsion and control.

Uploaded by

nyerramr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Hypersonic

Vehicles
• Hypersonic vehicles are defined by speeds exceeding Mach 5.
• They are characterized by high velocity and extreme
temperatures.
• This presentation will cover their applications in military, space
access, and commercial travel.
Temperature Effects on Hypersonic Flow
Aerodynamic Heating Material Challenges Thermal Management

Kinetic energy converts to thermal High temperatures require Active cooling systems are crucial
energy at high speeds. For advanced materials. Ceramics, for managing heat. Regenerative
example, at Mach 5, surface composites, and high-temperature cooling uses fuel as a coolant to
temperatures can exceed 1,000°C. alloys are essential for structural maintain vehicle integrity.
integrity.
Dissociation and Ionization in Hypersonic Flow
Non-Equilibrium Flow

Chemical reactions occur at


finite rates. Accurate modeling
requires CFD simulations with
chemical kinetics.

Chemical Reactions Plasma Effects


High temperatures cause gas Ionization creates plasma. This
molecules to dissociate and affects electromagnetic wave
ionize. For example, Oxygen propagation and communication.
(O2) dissociates into atomic
oxygen (O).
Aerodynamics of Hypersonic
Flow
1 Shock Waves
Strong shock waves form due to high speeds. These
increase drag and heat transfer.

2 Viscous Interaction
The shock layer interacts with the boundary layer. This
boundary layer thickening reduces aerodynamic
performance.

3 Real Gas Effects


Ideal gas assumptions break down at high temperatures. It's
important to consider vibrational excitation and chemical
reactions.
NASA X-43A (Hyper-X)
Purpose
The X-43A was an unmanned experimental aircraft. It
was built for hypersonic research.

Engine
It used a scramjet engine. This enabled sustained
hypersonic flight.

Speed
It achieved Mach 9.68 in 2004. This set a world speed
record for air-breathing aircraft.
Boeing X-51 Waverider

Engine

2 It also used a scramjet engine.

Purpose
1
The X-51 was an unmanned
experimental missile. Speed
It reached Mach 5.1 in 2010. This
was the longest hypersonic flight
3 powered by a scramjet at the
time.
Avangard Hypersonic
Glide Vehicle (HGV)
1 Purpose 2 Speed
The Avangard is a Russian It claims to reach speeds
strategic missile system. up to Mach 27. It has
been operational since
2019.

3 Maneuverability
It is designed to perform sharp maneuvers. This helps it
evade missile defenses.
The Future of Hypersonic
Vehicles
Hypersonic vehicles promise high-speed transportation. Space
access and advanced defense systems are also key areas.
Challenges remain in materials, propulsion, and control. Future
trends involve more efficient and reliable designs. The field is ever
evolving and full of potential.
THANK YOU

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