READING

AND
WRITING
SKILLS
Mr. John Virgo A. Vallejos
WHY DO
WE STILL
NEED TO
STUDY
READING
AND
WRITING?
 L e t ’ s Tr y !

PRE-
ASSESSMEN
T ACTIVITY
QUESTION NO. 1
List at least five
provinces in the
Philippines that
begin with the
letter B.
QUESTION NO. 2
Look at the following figure carefully.
Replace the question mark with the
correct number
 QUESTION NO. 3
Mr Brown had a big house
Mr Brown was killed on Sunday
afternoon. The wife said she was
reading a book. The butler said He was
taking a shower. The chef said he was
making breakfast. The maid said she
was folding clothes, and the gardener
said he was planting tomatoes. Who
did it?
 QUESTION NO. 4
There are 25 rooms in
Dreamland Hotel, but
only 6 rooms are
occupied. Calculate
the percentage of
unoccupied rooms.
 LET’S
CHECK!
QUESTION NO. 1
List at least five
provinces in the
Philippines that
begin with the
letter B.
QUESTION NO.
1 Basilan, Bataan,
Batanes, Batangas,
Benguet,
Biliran, Bohol,
Bukidnon, and Bulacan
REMEMBERING
QUESTION NO. 2
Look at the following figure carefully.
Replace the question mark with the
correct number
 QUESTION NO.
2

4
REMEMBER, UNDERSTAND, AND APPLY
 QUESTION NO. 3
Mr. Brown had a big house
Mr. Brown was killed on Sunday
afternoon. The wife said she was
reading a book. The butler said He was
taking a shower. The chef said he was
making breakfast. The maid said she
was folding clothes, and the gardener
said he was planting tomatoes. Who
did it?
 QUESTION NO. 3
The chef.
Mr Brown was killed in the
afternoon and yet the chef
claimed he was making
breakfast?
ANALYZING AND EVALUATING
 QUESTION NO. 4
There are 25 rooms in
Dreamland Hotel, but
only 6 rooms are
occupied. Calculate
the percentage of
unoccupied rooms.
QUESTION NO. 4

76%
(6/25) x 100
The subject Reading and Writing is not limited to those two skills. This is
also about discovering and enhancing your levels of thinking, leading you
to be a technical writer, and forming you to be a critical thinker. Yes, it
really sounds stressful, and for others, the subject implies pressure; but
the gained knowledge in Reading and Writing will become very useful,
especially in your future English subjects. Remember, if you want to be
globally competitive, you need to be effective in oral and written
communication. You cannot rely on the accessible translators you find
from the search engines, because your work will really sound funny, and
worse, awful. Learning to speak effectively is not easy, neither to read nor
write effectively.
 THE LEVEL OF
THINKING

Through HOTS, learners apply critical thinking most of the

How do
you
become a
critical
When you formulate
questions as you observe
what’s happening around
you; when you express
something about the topic
and explain your ideas; or
when you do something
that you think will help you
or other people and
analyze the process
involved, you are practicing
Barrot (2016)
explains that critical
thinking includes a
series of complex
thought processes,
which permit us to
make rational
judgments, assess
the way we reason,
and answer
Dr. Seuss once said,
“The more that
you read, the
more things you
will know. The
more that you
learn, the more
places you’ll go”.
 Barrot (2016) states that
critical thinking is useful in
reading because you can
identify various texts and react
to them logically. By critical
thinking, you are able to
understand and analyze
written works. You are able to
relate too. You tend to enjoy
Most people are not aware of the reading skills, which
help a person enhance his/her reading experience and
makes him/her an effective reader.
Barrot (2016) lists down
the basic reading skills:
rapid reading
previewing
literal reading
critical reading
inferential reading
1 RAPID
READING
It is locating specific
information or main
ideas in a very short
span of time. The
examples of rapid
reading are
skimming, locating
 2 PREVIEWING
It is a skill wherein a reader looks over a
material and focuses on the information
he/she finds relevant. Effective previewing
involves clarifying the purpose, reading the
title and headings, and checking the
illustration and
Browsing (or inspecting other visuals.
unhurriedly) the table of
contents, introduction or
summary, is also a
3 LITERAL READING
It involves the
understanding of ideas
and facts that are
directly stated in the
printed material. Skills
in this category are
note-taking,
paraphrasing, and
 NOTE-TAKING
jotting down notes while reading;
annotating the written text
SUMMARIZING
getting the essence of the text and
still retain the same information;
15-30% of the source material
PARAPHRASING
involves restating ideas from the
original text; the length is almost
similar to the length of the original
text ; cites and preserves the tone
of the original text
 4 INFERENTIAL
READING
It is also known as
reading between the
lines.
It is what is determined
that the text means,
but isn't directly stated
in that text.
 5 CRITICAL
READING
Critical reading is a
more ACTIVE way of
reading. It is a deeper
and more complex
engagement with a
text. Critical reading is a
process of analyzing,
READIN
G
PROCES
0
1 PRE-READING
STAGE
drawing your own
background knowledge
by looking at the title
0 WHILE-READING
2 STAGE
getting the meaning of words
through context clues,
predicting, inferencing,
monitoring comprehension,
annotating the text, reflecting
0
2 POST READING
STAGE
checking your understanding of
the text; reflecting,
paraphrasing, drawing
conclusions, making graphic
organizers, journal writing
TYPES OF
READING
DEVELOPMENTAL
READING Developmental reading
refers to the process of
acquiring and refining
reading skills and
strategies over time,
typically from early
DEVELOPMENTAL
READING
It encompasses the
progression of literacy
development from
foundational skills, such as
letter recognition and
phonemic awareness, to
advanced reading
Here are the key stages of developmental
reading:

Emergent Reading:

This stage occurs in early childhood when

children are exposed to books and print
materials. They begin to understand that print
carries meaning, recognize letters and their
sounds, and may start to make connections
between spoken and written language.
Early Reading Skills:

In this stage, typically in kindergarten through

early elementary school, children learn basic
reading skills, such as decoding (matching
sounds to letters), phonics (understanding
letter-sound relationships), and sight word
recognition. They begin to read simple texts
with support and guidance.
Fluency Development:

As children progress through elementary school,

they work on developing reading fluency, which
involves reading with accuracy, speed, and
expression. They engage in activities such as
repeated reading, oral reading practice, and
guided reading to improve fluency.
Comprehension Strategies:

During the later elementary and middle school

years, students focus on building reading
comprehension skills. They learn strategies for
understanding and interpreting texts, such as
summarizing, making predictions, asking
questions, making inferences, and analyzing the
author's purpose and perspective.
Critical Reading Skills:

In high school and beyond, students refine their

ability to critically evaluate and analyze texts.
They learn to identify and evaluate arguments,
analyze literary devices and themes, synthesize
information from multiple sources, and form
their own interpretations and opinions based on
evidence from the text.
Throughout the developmental reading process,
educators play a crucial role in providing
systematic instruction, scaffolding support, and
targeted interventions to help students progress
through each stage of literacy development.
Additionally, providing access to a wide range of
engaging and developmentally appropriate
texts can support students' reading growth and
foster a lifelong love of reading.
PLEASURE
READING
a more passive type of
reading that primarily
aims to provide
enjoyment and
entertainment
PLEASURE READING Pleasure reading, also known as
recreational reading or leisure
reading, refers to reading for
enjoyment and personal
fulfillment rather than for a
specific purpose or task. Unlike
functional reading, which serves
practical needs, pleasure reading
is driven by individual interests,
PLEASURE READING In pleasure reading, individuals
choose books, magazines,
articles, or any other form of
written material based on their
personal tastes, hobbies, and
desires. It can encompass a wide
range of genres, including fiction
(such as novels, short stories, and
poetry), non-fiction (such as
Pleasure reading offers numerous benefits
beyond entertainment, including:
• Stress reduction: Engaging in a
captivating story or exploring new ideas
can provide a mental escape from daily
stressors and promote relaxation.
• Mental stimulation: Reading for
pleasure stimulates the brain, enhances
cognitive function, and improves
vocabulary, comprehension, and critical
3. Empathy development: Reading fiction
allows readers to immerse themselves in
diverse characters' experiences, perspectives,
and emotions, fostering empathy and
understanding of others.

4. Imagination and creativity: Pleasure reading

encourages imagination and creativity by
transporting readers to different worlds, time
periods, and realities.
5. Personal growth: Exploring new ideas,
perspectives, and cultures through reading can
broaden individuals' horizons, deepen self-
awareness, and promote personal growth and
development.

Pleasure reading is a valuable activity that can

enrich individuals' lives, provide moments of
escape, and contribute to overall well-being. It's
a habit that can be cultivated at any age and
FUNCTIONAL
READING the ability to read and
Functional reading refers to

understand text for

practical purposes in
everyday life. It involves
reading to obtain
information, perform tasks,
or achieve specific goals
FUNCTIONAL READING
Functional reading skills are essential for
functioning effectively in society, at work, and
in educational settings. Examples of functional
reading tasks include:
• Reading street signs and directions to
navigate through a city.
• Reading food labels to make healthy choices
and manage dietary restrictions.
• Reading manuals or instructions to
5. Reading forms and contracts to understand
terms and conditions.
6. Reading bus schedules or train timetables to
plan travel.
7. Reading emails, memos, and reports for work-
related communication and information.
Functional reading skills are often taught
explicitly in literacy programs to help individuals
develop the ability to comprehend and use
written text in various real-life situations. These
skills are crucial for independence, productivity,
REMEDIAL READING
Remedial reading refers to specialized
instruction designed to help individuals
who are experiencing difficulties with
reading. It is typically aimed at students
who are significantly below grade level in
reading skills or who struggle with
specific aspects of reading, such as
decoding, fluency, comprehension, or
Thank You!