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 Rocks

Science | Rocks | What Are Rocks? | Lesson 1

 Aim
● To compare and identify types of rock.

Success Criteria
● I can name the three types of rock.
● I can explain how the three types of rock are formed.
● I can name examples of each type of rock and describe their appearance.
 Key Questions
You will spot questions in a green box at certain points
in this Lesson Presentation.

The assessment questions that appear will

enable
you to check your understanding against the
lesson aim and success criteria.
 Remember It
Can you group the images below based on whether they are living or non-
living?
Living Non-Living
 Remember It
Can you group the images below based on whether they are living or non-
living?

Living Non-Living
 Key Vocabulary

igneou human-
s
compare made
sediment
ary
metamorp formation
hic
volcano extrusive Sediment is a natural
intrusive changes material carried to a new
place by wind or water. It is
natural minerals made up rocks
of minerals, plants
Igneous are formed
magma form fromand tiny pieces
magma of rock.
ornaturally
lava. These
Minerals
Metamorphic
Sedimentary are
rocks rocks
are are
formed
Examples
can be of sediment
extrusive or include
intrusive.
compaction lava occurring
Rock
when is layers
asand
formed substances
solid
whenmaterial
of igneous
sediment found
made
or
are
Extrusive and
igneous clay.
rocks are
in the
pressed Earth.
up sedimentary
of one Most
or more
together minerals
type
rocks
over areof
time.
sedimen heat formed
have above
aoften
crystal the Earth’s
structure.
You exposed
can mineral.
to see
extreme
these heat
layers
t surface, of
Examples whereas
minerals intrusive
include
pressure rock and pressure.
of sediment in the rock.
igneous rocks are
quartz and gold. formed
appearance cementatio below the Earth’s surface.
n
 Key Vocabulary

Tier 1 volcano, changes, natural, form, heat,

everyday pressure, appearance, rock
words

Tier 2
words that are important in minerals, compare, human-made,
different science topics formation

Tier 3
igneous, sedimentary,
words that are specific
to this science topic metamorphic, extrusive,
intrusive, magma, lava,
sediment, compaction,
cementation
 Key Vocabulary
In this topic you are going to learn about rocks and the rock cycle.

All of the knowledge you will

need for this topic is
summarised
in the Knowledge Organiser
for you. It contains all of the
key vocabulary you will need to
know and helpful diagrams.
 What Do You Know about Rocks?

Fill in your KWL Grid

with what you already
know and what you
want to know about
rocks.
 What Are Rocks?
Rocks are solid materials made up of one or more type of mineral.
Minerals are naturally occurring, solid substances found in the Earth. Most
minerals have a crystal structure.

Granite is an example
of a type of rock. It is
Quartz is an example made up of a number of
of different minerals,
a type of mineral. including quartz,
feldspar and mica.
 What Are Rocks?

Find out more in the Remarkable Rocks eBook.

 Spot the Rocks
Where can rocks be seen in this photo?
 Spot the Rocks
Where can rocks be seen in this photo?
 Spot the Rocks
Where can rocks be seen in this photo?
 Spot the Rocks
Where can rocks be seen in this photo?
 Spot the Rocks
Where can rocks be seen in this photo?
 Spot the Rocks
Where can rocks be seen in this photo?
 Types of Rock
Natural Rocks
There are three types of naturally occurring rock.

igneous metamorphic
sedimentary

Can you name the three types of

rock?
 Types of Rock

Find out more in the Remarkable Rocks eBook.

 Types of Rock
Igneous Rocks
Far below the surface of the Earth, temperatures are extremely high. It is so
hot that rock deep within the planet melts and turns into a liquid called
magma. Occasionally, this magma pushes up to the surface of the Earth
during volcanic eruptions. When it reaches the surface, it becomes known as
lava.
When magma or lava cools and hardens, it forms a type of rock called igneous
rock. There are two types of igneous rock.

Intrusive igneous rock is formed Extrusive igneous rock is

when magma cools and hardens formed when lava cools and
beneath the surface of the Earth. hardens above the surface of
the Earth.
 Types of Rock
Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary rocks form when layers of sediment are pressed together. This
process can take millions of years.
Sediment, which is made up of minerals, plants, shells and tiny pieces of rock,
is carried by wind and water to new places. Often, it settles under water.
Over time, layers of sediment build up. The weight of each layer pushes down
on the ones below, making them compact. This is known as compaction.
Under increasing pressure, water is eventually pushed out of the lower layers
and the minerals within the sediment start to help stick the other materials
together until they form a solid layer. This is known as cementation.
 Types of Rock
Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic rocks are formed when igneous or sedimentary rocks are
exposed
to immense amounts of heat and pressure. This heat and pressure causes
the rock to gradually change into a new type of rock.
There are a number of different ways in which this can occur.
When igneous
or sedimentary
rocks are
exposed to
magma, the
heat from this
Metamorphic rock can also
and the
be formed when pieces of
pressure from
the Earth’s surface move.
being buried
This movement creates
deep
great pressure and heat,
underground
which can change the rocks
causes the
buried deep underground.
rocks to change
over time.
 Human-Made Rocks

Some rocks do not occur

naturally. These types of
rock are either made or
changed by humans. One
example
of a human-made rock is
brick, which has been
used
as a building material
throughout history.

Most bricks are made of

clay but they can also be
made of a mixture of sand,
soil and lime (a type of
mineral).
 Human-Made Rocks

Find out more in the Remarkable Rocks eBook.

 Examples of Rocks
Here are some examples of the different types of rock.

Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

basalt sandstone marble

granite chalk quartzite

Can you name some examples of

different
types of rock and describe their
appearance?
 Matching Descriptions of Rocks
When looking at rocks, we might group them based on their physical
appearance.
Can you match the written descriptions of rocks to the correct images using
the Match the Rocks Activity Sheet?

Can you name some examples of

different
types of rock and describe their
appearance?
Matching Descriptions of Rocks

Printed or Paperless? Click below.

Paperle
Printed
ss
 Types of Rock Leaflet
A museum is opening a new rocks exhibit and they need an information leaflet
on how the different types of rock are formed. Can you create a leaflet for
them using the Types of Rock Activity Sheet?
Use the Remarkable Rocks eBook or a range of sources to find out more
about rocks.

Can you name the three types of

rock
and explain how they are formed?
Matching Descriptions of Rocks

Printed or Paperless? Click below.

Paperle
Printed
ss
 True or False?
1. All rocks are natural.
False. Although there are many types of naturally occurring rock, there are also
examples of human-made rocks, such as brick.
2. We can only find rocks on mountains.
False. Rocks are found in many locations, such as under water or beneath the
surface of the Earth.
3. Igneous rocks are only formed under the surface of the Earth.
False. Igneous rock can be intrusive (meaning it forms under the surface of the
Earth)
or extrusive (meaning it forms on the surface of the Earth).
4. Sedimentary rocks are formed in layers.
True. Sedimentary rocks are formed when layers of sediment build up over
time and eventually compact.
5. Metamorphic rock forms under great amounts of heat and pressure.
True. Metamorphic rocks form when igneous or sedimentary rocks experience
intense heat and pressure. This can occur underground due to the heat from
magma and the pressure from being buried deep beneath the Earth's surface.
Additionally, the movement of pieces of the Earth's surface can squeeze and
heat the rocks, leading to their transformation into metamorphic rocks.
STEM/Green Careers

Geologist
scientist
A geologist is a
ks . B y
who studies roc
geologists
studying rocks,
a n lea rn m o re about the
c
u cture o f th e Earth and
str
ged over
how it has chan
time.
 Aim
● To compare and identify types of rock.

Success Criteria
● I can name the three types of rock.
● I can explain how the three types of rock are formed.
● I can name examples of each type of rock and describe their appearance.