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Microscope_Presentation

Histology is the study of the microscopic structure and function of tissues and organs in the human body. The document outlines the parts and functions of a microscope, methods for tissue preparation, and staining techniques used in histology. It emphasizes the importance of proper technique and a positive attitude when studying histology.

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Rashee Goyal
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5 views

Microscope_Presentation

Histology is the study of the microscopic structure and function of tissues and organs in the human body. The document outlines the parts and functions of a microscope, methods for tissue preparation, and staining techniques used in histology. It emphasizes the importance of proper technique and a positive attitude when studying histology.

Uploaded by

Rashee Goyal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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I. What’s histology?

II. Why we study it ?


III. How to study it ?
Histology – is the science that studies
microscopic structure and function of
the human organism, the organization
of the tissues and organs.

Cytology – is the science that study the


structure and functions of the cell.
Parts of the Microscope
and Their Function
Three Tasks:
• Magnification

• Resolution

• Contrast
Resolution of eye: 0.2mm

Light Microscope: 0.2µm


Parts of a microscope
 Eyepiece
Parts of a microscope
 Body tube
Parts of a microscope
 Nosepiece
Parts of a microscope
 Objectives
 Low power (short)
 High power (long)
Parts of a microscope
 Arm
Parts of a microscope
 Stage
Parts of a microscope
 Stage clips
Parts of a microscope
 Diaphragm
Parts of a microscope
 Coarse and fine
adjustment knobs
Parts of a microscope
 Light source
Parts of a microscope
 Base
Magnification
 Multiply the eyepiece
magnification (10X) by the
objective magnification (4X, 10X,
40X)
 Example: 4 x 10 = 40X total
How to use a microscope
 Place the slide on the stage
 Use stage clips to secure slide
 Adjust nosepiece to lowest setting
 (Lowest = shortest objective)
 Look into eyepiece
 Use coarse focus knob
Rules of using a microscope
 Always carry with 2 hands
 Only use lens paper for cleaning
 Do not force knobs
 Always store covered
 Be careful of the cords
Transmission Electron
Microscope

Resolution -0.5 to 1.0 nm


Scanning Electron
Microscope

Resolution: 2.5 to 5 nm
Phase Contrast Microscope
Confocal Microscope
Polarizing Microscope
Preparation of tissue For
Light Microscopy ( Tissue
Processing)
 The aim of tissue processing is to embed
the tissue in a solid medium firm enough
to support the tissue and give it
sufficient rigidity to enable thin sections
to be cut , and yet soft enough not to
damage the knife or tissue with
preservation of the structure with the
least possible alteration.
Fixation
 To preserve the structure of tissue
 Achieved by the influence of
various chemical compounds called
Fixative .
• Common methods - 10% formaldehyde
• Time require is almost 1mm/hour
fixation
• It is also used protect the tissue
from the microorganisms
Dehydration
 Is the removal of extractable water from
the tissue.
 Graduated strength of ethyl alcohol is
routinely employed at series consisting of
30,50,70,95 and 100% alcohol produce
good result.
 Average time required is
20-30 min in each solution
Clearing
 Also called dealcoholation.
 The aim of this process is to replace
alcohol by a solvent which is miscible
with paraffin.
 Xylene and chloroform are the most
commonly used.
Embedding
 Before sectioning of tissue it must be
embedded in a material which after
hardening has a consistency that permits
it to be cut into thin section.
 Paraffin wax is the most frequency used
agent.
 During embedding process paraffin
heated to 60 degree, and in cooling the
paraffin with the tissue forms a firm
tissue block.
 Sectioning is carried out by the
help ofSectioning
machine called Microtome.
 Usually 3-10 µm thick
Sliding
 Also called mounting of
the slide.
 section which is floated
in warm water is taken
on the glass slid in
such a way that no air
bubble is trapped
between them.
 Hematoxylin is a basic stain with deep purple or
blue color. Structures (Ribosomes and chromatin)
that are stained by basic stains are described as
basophilic ("base-loving"). Cell nuclei look purple
because of presence of chromatin.
 Eosin being an acid aniline dye binds to and stains
acidophilic or oxyphilic or eosinophilic ("acid-
loving") structures pink. Most of the cytoplasm of
cells is stained by eosin.
Smile! It's important to try to
have fun as you study histology.
A good attitude will carry you a
long way.

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