DRUG EDUCATION AND

VICE CONTROL
(NARCOTICS
INVESTIGATION)
Adrian M. Recla, Rcrim
Region X Top 3, Dec 2022 CLE
 DRUG
is a chemical substance used as medicine
or in the making of medicines, which
affects the body and mind and have
potential for abuse.
 CHEMICAL
is any substance taken into the body that
alters the way and the mind and the body
work.
 DRUG ABUSE
is the illegal, wrongful or improper use of
any drug.
 CHEMICAL ABUSE
is an instance when the use of chemical
has produced negative or harmful
consequences.
 DRUG ADDICTION
refers to the state of periodic or chronic
intoxication produced by the repeated
consumption of a drug.
ATTRIBUTES CHARACTERIZES DRUG
ADDICTION:
 Compulsion/ Uncontrollable Craving
 Tolerance
 Addiction
 Physical Dependence
 Psychological Dependence
 Withdrawal Syndrome
 WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME
is defined as the unpleasant symptoms
that are experienced when a person with
physical dependence discontinues the use of
an abused drug.
 DRUG DEPENDENCE
refers to the state of psychic or physical
dependence or both on dangerous drugs
following the administration or use of that drug.
WHO defines it as the periodic, continuous,
repeated administration of a drug.
 PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE
an adaptive state caused by repeated
drug use that reveals it self by
development of intense physical
symptoms when the drug is stopped
(withdrawal syndrome).
 PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE

an attachment to drug use that arises from

a drug ability to satisfy some emotional or
personality needs of an individual.
 TOLERANCE

is the increasing dosage of drugs to

maintain the same effect in the body.
 PUSHER

any person who sell, administer, deliver or

give away to another, distribute, transport
any dangerous drug.
 USE

the act of injecting, consuming, any

dangerous drugs. The means of
introducing the dangerous drug into the
physiological system of the body.
 ADMINISTER

the act of introducing any dangerous drug

into the body of any person with or without
his knowledge.
 MANUFACTURE

the production, preparation, compounding

or processing a dangerous drug either
directly or indirectly or by extraction from
substances of natural origin or by
chemical synthesis.
 THE PRESCRIPTIVE DRUGS
 These are drugs requiring written
authorization from a doctor to allow a
purchase.
 They are prescribed according to the
individual’s age, weight and height and
should not be taken by anyone else.
 THE OVER - THE COUNTER -
DRUGS (OTC)
 These are non-prescription medicines, which
may be purchased from any pharmacy or
drugstore without written authorization from a
doctor.
 They are use to treat minor and short term
illnesses and any persistent condition should be
immediately referred to a physician.
 THE “SELF-MEDICATION
SYNDROME”
 The “self-medication” syndrome is found in users
and would be users of drugs whose sources of
information are people or literature other than
doctors, pharmacists and health workers.

 These could be members of the family, relatives,

and/or neighbors, all of whom may have previously
used the drug for their specific disease or disorder.
 HOW DRUGS WORK?
 MINIMAL DOSE – amount needed to treat or heal, that is, the smallest
amount of a drug that will produce a therapeutic effect.
 MAXIMAL DOSE – largest amount of a drug that will produce a desired
therapeutic effect, without any accompanying symptoms of toxicity.
 TOXIC DOSE – amount of d rug that produces untoward effects or
symptoms of poisoning
 ABUSIVE DOSE – amount needed to produce the side effects and action
desired by an individual who improperly uses it
 LETHAL DOSE – amount of drug that will cause death
 HOW DRUGS ARE ADMINISTERED?
 Oral- safest most convenient and economical route
 Injection- offers a faster response than the oral
 Inhalation- use of gaseous and volatile drugs
 Topical- directly to a body site
 Iontophoresis- introduction of drugs into the deeper
layers of the skin
 THE 7 DEADLY SINS - PRIMARY
CAUSES OF DRUG ABUSE
 PRIDE – excessive feeling of self-worth or self-esteem, sense of self-importance.
 ANGER - unexpressed, deep-seated anger against himself, his family, his friends
or the society in general.
 LUST – burning sexual desire can distort the human mind to drug abuse.
 GLUTTONY – “food trip” in the lingo of junkies
 GREED – wealth, fame, recognition as exemplified by people under pressure in
their work of art, such as musicians, actors, athletes who indulge in drug abuse.
 ENVY – to get attention from someone: as a sign of protest envy is a major
cause of drug abuse.
 LAZINESS –“ I can’t syndrome”, incapacity to achieve – the breeding ground of
drug abuse. Boredom coupled with poor self-image.
 MOST COMMON VICES
 Tobacco Smoking (RA 9211)
 Alcohol Consumption
 Gambling (PD 1602 - RA 9287)
 Illegal Drugs Consumption (RA 6425 - RA 9165)
 HOW ADDICTION IS ACQUIRED?
The drug habit is acquired in three ways:

 Association
 Experimentation
 Inexperienced doctors
 HOW ADDICTION IS ACQUIRED?
Likewise, addiction may be acquired
through:

 Habituation- euphoric effect

 Toleration- increase the dose
 Dependence- altered physiological state
 GROUP CLASSIFICATIONS OF
DRUG ABUSERS?
 Situational Users
 Spree Users
 Hard Core Addicts
 Hippies
 IDENTIFICATION OF DRUG ABUSER

 Change in interest
 Frequent shifting of mood
 Changes in behavior
 Changes in physical appearance
 PROCESS OF DETECTING DRUG
ABUSERS
1. OBSERVATION

 Observations of the signs and symptoms of drug

abuse may take relatively a long period of time.
 Good sensory equipment and a high degree of
objectivity are two requirements for a good
observer.
 PROCESS OF DETECTING DRUG
ABUSERS
2. HISTORY TAKING

 Collateral Information (Interview with information)

 Interview with patient
 PROCESS OF DETECTING DRUG
ABUSERS
3. LABORATORY EXAMINATION

 Accurate laboratory examinations cannot be

performed by any ordinary chemist since detection
of dangerous drugs requires sophisticated
equipment and apparatus, special chemical
reagents and most of all, the specialized technical
know-how.
 PROCESS OF DETECTING DRUG
ABUSERS
5. PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS

 Intelligence Test
 Personality Test
 Aptitude Test
 Interest Test
 Psychiatric Evaluation
THE GLOBAL DRUG SITUATION
THE GLOBAL DRUG SITUATION
THE GLOBAL DRUG SITUATION
 WORLD’S DRUG SCENE
SOUTHEAST ASIA
 the “Golden Triangle” approximately
produced 60% of opium in the world,
90% percent of opium in the eastern part
of Asia.
 It is also the officially acknowledged
source of Southeast Asian Heroin.
 WORLD’S DRUG SCENE
SOUTHWEST ASIA
 the “Golden Crescent” is the major
supplier of opium poppy, MJ and Heroin
products in the western part of Asia.
 It produces at least 85% to 90% of all
illicit heroin channeled in the drug
underworld market.
 WORLD’S DRUG SCENE
MIDDLE EAST
 the Becka Valley of Lebanon is the
biggest producer of cannabis in the
Middle East.
 Lebanon is also considered as the
transit country for cocaine from South
America to European markets.
 WORLD’S DRUG SCENE

SPAIN
 major transshipment point for
international drug traffickers in
Europe – known as “The Paradise
Of Drug Users In Europe”.
 WORLD’S DRUG SCENE

SOUTH AMERICA
 Columbia, Peru, Uruguay, and
Panama are the sources of all
cocaine supply in the world.
 WORLD’S DRUG SCENE

MOROCCO
 the number one producer of
cannabis in the world. (2003 to
2006)
 WORLD’S DRUG SCENE
PHILIPPINES
 the major transshipment point for the
worldwide distribution of illegal drugs
such as shabu and cocaine from Taiwan
and South America. The second world’s
supplier of MJ and the drug paradise of
drug abusers in Asia.
 WORLD’S DRUG SCENE
PHILIPPINES
 the major transshipment point for the
worldwide distribution of illegal drugs
such as shabu and cocaine from Taiwan
and South America. The second world’s
supplier of MJ and the drug paradise of
drug abusers in Asia.
 THE DANGEROUS DRUGS
1.DEPRESSANTS – those that depress
the CNS
2.STIMULANTS – those that stimulate
the CNS
3.HALLUCINOGENS – those that
distort perception, mind; alter
moods
 THE DEPRESSANTS (DOWNERS)
1.Theseare group of drugs, which suppress vital
body functions especially those of the brain or
central nervous system with the resulting
impairment of judgment, hearing, speech and
muscular coordination.
2.They dull the minds, slow down body
reactions to such an extent that accidental
deaths and/or suicides usually happen.
 THE DEPRESSANTS (DOWNERS)
1. NARCOTICS - are drugs, which relieve pain and produce profound sleep or stupor.
2. OPIUM – derived from a poppy plant – Papaver somniferum popularly known as
“gum”, “gamot”, “kalamay” or “panocha”.
3. MORPHINE - most commonly used and best used opiate.
4. HEROIN – is three to five times more powerful than morphine from which it is derived
and the most addicting opium derivative.
5. CODEINE – a derivative of morphine, commonly available in cough preparations.
6. PAREGORIC – a tincture of opium in combination with camphor.
7. DEMEROL AND METHADONE – common synthetic drugs with morphine – like
effects.
 THE DEPRESSANTS (DOWNERS)
8.BARBITURATES – are drugs used for inducing sleep
in persons plagued with anxiety,
9.SECONAL – commonly used among hospitality girls
10.TRANQUILIZERS – are drugs that calm and relax
and diminish anxiety
11.VOLATILE SOLVENTS – gaseous substances
popularly known to abusers as “gas”, “teardrops”
12.ALCOHOL – the king of all drugs with potential for
abuse
 THE STIMULANTS (UPPERS)
8.They produce effects opposite to that of depressants.
Instead of bringing about relaxation and sleep, they
produce increased mental alertness, wakefulness,
reduce hunger, and provide a feeling of well being.
9.Theirmedical users include narcolepsy – a condition
characterized by an overwhelming desire to sleep.
Abrupt withdrawal of the drug from the heavy abuser
can result in a deep and suicidal depression.
 THE STIMULANTS (UPPERS)
1.AMPHETAMINES – used medically for weight reducing in obesity,
relief of mild depression and treatment
2.COCAINE – taken orally, injected or sniffed as to achieve euphoria
or an intense feeling of “highness”.
3.CAFFEINE – it is present in coffee, tea, chocolate, cola drinks, and
some wake-up pills.
4.SHABU/ “POOR MAN’S COCAINE” – chemically known as
methamphetamine. It is a central nervous system stimulant and
sometimes called “upper” or “speed”.
5.NICOTINE – an active component in tobacco, which acts as a
powerful stimulant of the central nervous system
 THE HALLUCINOGENS
(PSYCHEDELIC)
 Consists of a variety of mind-altering drugs, which
distort reality, thinking and perceptions of time,
sound, space and sensation.
 The user experiences hallucination (false perception),
which at times can be strange.
 His “trips” may be exhilarating or terrifying good or
bad. They may dislocate his consciousness and
change his mood, thinking and concept of self.
 APPROACHES TO THE DRUG
PROBLEM
A. The Law Enforcement Approach
B. The Treatment and Rehabilitation
Approach
C. The Educational Approach
D. The International Efforts Against
Drug Abuse
 THE LAW ENFORCEMENT APPROACH

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165: Important

Features
UNLAWFULL ACTS PENALTIES
Importation of Dangerous drugs Life Imprisonment to Death and a
and/or Controlled Precursors and fine ranging from P500, 000 to
Essential Chemicals (sec. 4) P10 Million
Sale, Trading, Administration,
Dispensation, Delivery, Life Imprisonment to Death and a
Distribution and transportation of fine ranging from P500, 000 to
Dangerous Drugs and/or P10 Million
Controlled Precursors and
Essential Chemicals (sec. 5)
 THE LAW ENFORCEMENT APPROACH

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165: Important

Features
UNLAWFULL ACTS PENALTIES
Maintenance of a Den, Dive Life Imprisonment to Death
or Resort where dangerous and a fine ranging from
drugs are used or sold in any P500, 000 to P10 Million
form (sec. 6)
Being an employee or visitor Imprisonment ranging from
of a den, dive or resort (sec. 12 yrs and 1 day to 20 yrs
7) and a fine ranging from
P100, 000 to P500, 000.
 THE LAW ENFORCEMENT APPROACH

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165: Important

Features
UNLAWFULL ACTS PENALTIES
Manufacture of dangerous Life Imprisonment to Death
Drugs and/or Controlled and a fine ranging from
Precursors and Essential P500, 000 to P10 Million
Chemicals (sec. 8)
Illegal Chemical Diversion of Imprisonment ranging from
Controlled Precursors and 12 yrs and 1 day to 20 yrs
Essential Chemicals (sec. 9) and a fine ranging from
P100, 000 to P500, 000.
 THE LAW ENFORCEMENT APPROACH

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165: Important

Features
UNLAWFULL ACTS PENALTIES
Manufacture or Delivery of
Equipment, Instrument, Imprisonment ranging from
Apparatus and other 12 yrs and 1 day to 20 yrs
Paraphernalia for Dangerous and a fine ranging from
Drugs and/or Controlled P100, 000 to P500, 000.
Precursors and Essential
Chemicals (sec. 10)
Possession of Dangerous Life Imprisonment to Death
Drugs and a fine ranging from
(sec. 11) P500, 000 to P10 Million
 THE LAW ENFORCEMENT APPROACH

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165: Important

Features
UNLAWFULL ACTS PENALTIES
Possession of Equipment, Imprisonment ranging from 6 mos
Instrument, Apparatus and other and 1 day to 4 yrs and a fine
Paraphernalia for Dangerous ranging from P10, 000 to P50, 000
Drugs
(sec. 12)
Possession of dangerous Drugs The maximum penalties provided
during Parties, Social Gatherings for Sec. 11.
or Meetings (sec. 13), and
Possession of Equipment,
Instrument, Apparatus and other
Paraphernalia for Dangerous
Drugs during Parties, Social
Gatherings or Meetings (sec. 14)
 THE LAW ENFORCEMENT APPROACH

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165: Important

Features
UNLAWFULL ACTS PENALTIES
Use of Dangerous Drugs (sec. Minimum 6 mos
15) rehabilitation (1st offense),
Imprisonment ranging from 6
yrs and 1 day to 12 yrs and a
fine ranging from P50,000 to
P200, 000 (2nd Offense)
Cultivation of Plants Life Imprisonment to Death
classified as dangerous drugs and a fine ranging from
or are sources thereof (sec. P500, 000 to P10 Million
16)
 THE LAW ENFORCEMENT APPROACH

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165: Important

Features
UNLAWFULL ACTS PENALTIES
Failure to comply with the maintenance Imprisonment ranging from 1 yr and 1
and keeping of the original records of day to 6 yrs and a fine ranging from P10,
transaction on any dangerous drugs 000 to P50, 000
and/or controlled precursors and Plus revocation of license to practice
Essential Chemicals on the part of profession.
practioners, manufacturers, wholesalers,
importers, distributors, dealers, or
retailers (sec. 17)
Unnecessary Prescription of Dangerous Imprisonment ranging from 12 yrs and 1
Drugs (sec. 18) day to 20 yrs and a fine ranging from
P100, 000 to P500, 000.
Plus revocation of license to practice
profession
 THE LAW ENFORCEMENT APPROACH

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165: Important

Features
UNLAWFULL ACTS PENALTIES
Unlawful Prescription of Life imprisonment to Death
Dangerous Drugs (sec.19) and a fine ranging from
P500, 000 to 10 Million pesos
 THE LAW ENFORCEMENT APPROACH
The Possession of Dangerous drugs in the following
quantities, regardless of degree of purity:
 10 grams or more of opium; morphine; heroin;
cocaine; MJ resin;
 10 grams or more of MMDA, LSD and similar
dangerous drugs;
 50 grams or more of “shabu”/ Methamphetamine
Hydrochloride;
 500 grams or more of Marijuana.
 THE LAW ENFORCEMENT APPROACH
If the quantity involved is less than the foregoing, the penalties shall
be graduated as follows:
1. Life
imprisonment and a fine ranging from P400, 000 to P500, 000 if
“shabu” is 10 grams or more but less than 50 grams;
2. Imprisonment of 20 yrs and 1 day to Life imprisonment and a fine
ranging from P400, 000 to P500, 000 if the quantities of dangerous
drugs are 5 grams or more but less than 10 grams of opium,
morphine, heroin, cocaine, mj resin, shabu, MMDA, and 300 grams or
more but less than 500 grams of marijuana
3. Imprisonment of 12 yrs and 1 day to 20 yrs and a fine ranging from
P300, 000 to P400, 000 if the quantities of dangerous drugs are less
than 5 grams of opium, morphine, heroin, cocaine, mj resin, shabu,
MMDA, and less than 300 grams of marijuana.
 THE LAW ENFORCEMENT APPROACH
The Unlawful Acts Punishable by Death Penalty
(Prior to the abolition of Death Penalty)
1. Importation or bringing into the Philippines of
dangerous drugs using diplomatic passport or
facilities or any means involving his/her official
status to facilitate unlawful entry of the same (sec 4,
Art II).
2. Upon any person who organizes, manages or
acts as “financiers” of any of the activities involving
dangerous drugs (sec 4, 5, 6, 8 Art II).
 THE LAW ENFORCEMENT APPROACH
The Unlawful Acts Punishable by Death Penalty
(Prior to the abolition of Death Penalty)
3. Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery,
Distribution and transportation of Dangerous Drugs and/or
Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals with in 100
meters from the school (sec 5, Art II).
4. Drugs pushers who use minors or mentally incapacitated
individuals as runners, couriers and messengers or in any other
capacity directly connected to the dangerous drug trade (sec 5,
Art II).
 THE LAW ENFORCEMENT APPROACH
The Unlawful Acts Punishable by Death Penalty
(Prior to the abolition of Death Penalty)
5. If the victim of the offense is a minor or mentally
incapacitated individual, or should a dangerous drug
and/or controlled precursors and essential chemical
involved in the offense be the proximate cause of
death of the victim (sec 5, Art II).
6. When dangerous drug is administered, delivered or
sold to a minor who is allowed to use the same in such
a place (sec 6, Art II).
 THE LAW ENFORCEMENT APPROACH
The Unlawful Acts Punishable by Death Penalty
(Prior to the abolition of Death Penalty)
7. Upon any person who uses a minor or mentally
incapacitated individual to deliver equipment, instrument,
apparatus and other paraphernalia for dangerous drugs (sec.
10, Art II).
8. Possession of dangerous Drugs during Parties, Social
Gatherings or Meetings (sec. 13), and Possession of Equipment,
Instrument, Apparatus and other Paraphernalia for Dangerous
Drugs during Parties, Social Gatherings or Meetings (sec. 14)
CHAIN OF CUSTODY
DANGEROUS DRUGS BOARD
The Dangerous Drugs Board is managed by a Board, a
multi-disciplinary body composed of 17 members, three of
whom are Permanent, 12 are Ex-Officio and two are
Regular Members.
DANGEROUS DRUGS BOARD
The Dangerous Drugs Board is managed by a Board, a
multi-disciplinary body composed of 17 members, three of
whom are Permanent, 12 are Ex-Officio and two are Regular
Members.
 NATIONAL CAMPAIGN STRATEGIES
1. DEMAND REDUCTION STRATEGY
a. Preventive education and information campaigns
to prevent further demand of society particularly the
youth.
b. Treatment and rehabilitation of drug dependents.

2. SUPPLY REDUCTION STRATEGY

a. Dangerous Drug Law enforcement
b. Judicial and Legislative measures
 OPERATIONAL PLANS AGAINST THE
DRUG PROBLEM
 OPLAN THUNDERBOLT I – operations to create impact to the
underworld.
 OPLAN THUNDERBOLT II – operations to neutralize suspected illegal
drug laboratories.
 OPLAN THUNDERBOLT III – operations for the neutralization of big
time drug pushers, drug dealers and drug lords.
 OPLAN ICEBERG – special operations team in selected drug prone
areas in order to get rid of illegal drug activities in the area.
 OPLAN HUNTER – operations against suspected military and police
personnel who are engaged in illegal drug activities.
 OPERATIONAL PLANS AGAINST THE
DRUG PROBLEM
 OPLAN MERCURIO – operations against drug stores, which are
violating existing regulations on the scale of regulated drugs in
coordination with the DDB/DOH and BFAD.
 OPLAN TORNADO – operations in drug notorious and high profile
places.
 OPLAN GREENGOLD –nationwide MJ eradication operations in
coordination with the local governments and NGO’s.
 OPLAN SAGIP-YAGIT – A civic program initiated by NGO’s and local
government offices to help eradicate drug syndicates involving street
children as drug conduits.
 OPLAN BANAT – the newest operational plan against drug abuse
focused in the barangay level in cooperation with barangay officials.
 PROCEDURES IN ANTI-DRUG
OPERATION AND INVESTIGATION
 The Buy Bust Operation
 Entrapment Operation
 THE BUY BUST OPERATION
 is an undercover operation carried out by narcotics
detectives to catch unsuspecting drug dealers. An
undercover operation is one that involves secret
work within a community or institution.

MARKED MONEY
 the money to be used in the buy-bust operation
should be duly marked or dusted with ultra-violet
powder by officers from the PNP forensic laboratory.
 ENTRAPMENT OPERATION
 entrapment charges often result from vice crimes,
such as those involving gambling, prostitution,
and/or drugs.
 Best example of entrapment operation is buy bust
operation.
 ENTRAPMENT OPERATION
TEAM COMPOSITION
 Team Leader
 Assistant Team Leader
 Poseur Buyer
 Arresting Officer
 Investigator-on-case
 Seizing/Inventory Officer
 Back-up Security
 Recorder
ENTRAPMENT
VS.
INSTIGATION
While entrapment is legal, instigation is not.
Instigation is the means by which the accused is
lured into the commission of the offense charged in
order to prosecute him. On the other hand,
entrapment is the employment of such ways and
means for the purpose of trapping or capturing a
lawbreaker.
 THE TREATMENT AND
REHABILTITATION APPROACH
ASSISTING THE DRUG ABUSER

 TREATMENT - the medical service rendered to a client for

the effective management of physical and mental conditions
related to drug abuse.
 REHABILITATION - the dynamic process directed towards
the physical, emotional/psychological, vocational, social and
spiritual change to prepare a person for the fullest life
compatible with his capabilities and potentialities, and
render him able to become a law abiding and productive
member of the community without abusing drugs.
 THE TREATMENT AND
REHABILTITATION APPROACH
ASSISTING THE DRUG ABUSER

 TREATMENT - the medical service rendered to a client for

the effective management of physical and mental conditions
related to drug abuse.
 REHABILITATION - the dynamic process directed towards
the physical, emotional/psychological, vocational, social and
spiritual change to prepare a person for the fullest life
compatible with his capabilities and potentialities, and
render him able to become a law abiding and productive
member of the community without abusing drugs.
 METHODS OF REHABILITATION
1. Psychotherapeutic Methods

1.Individual Therapy- one to one relationship

2.Group Therapy- individual is helped through
group process
3.Unstructured Group Therapy- The role of
the therapist can be assumed by the entire
group or group members
 METHODS OF REHABILITATION
2. The Spiritual and Religious Means -
development of moral and spiritual values of the
user.

3. The Follow-up and After – Care

The process of rehabilitation does not end upon the
release or discharge of client from a center. After his
discharge, he has to undergo follow-up and after-
care services for a period of not more than 18
months by the appropriate center personnel
 THE EDUCATIONAL APPROACHES
1.DRUG EDUCATION – learning situations during seminar-
workshops, symposiums and lecture forums,
2.DRUG INFORMATION – it is an activity, which focused on
the dissemination of basic facts of the causes and effects of
drug abuse
3.ALTERNATIVES – this includes a number of ideas for
stimulating meaningful involvements for the youth that can
compete successfully with the demands of drugs and alcohol.
4.INTERVENTIONS – this strategy is applied to experimenters
and potential drug abusers. Activities like
 PEER AND CROSS-AGE TUTORING
AND COUNSELING
1.Life Career Planning – the preparation
towards a comprehensive career education
helps young people to make the right choices.

2.Parenting and Family Communication –

activities that fosters better understanding and
wholesome family relationship.
 SUBSTANCE ABUSE
 ALCOHOL is colorless, tasteless clear liquid,
which gives a burning sensation to the mouth,
esophagus and stomach. Like many drugs,
alcohol is toxic.
 It can poison the human body if taken in large
amounts or in combination with other drugs.
Alcohol is a depressant not stimulant.
 TYPES OF DRINKERS
 OCCASIONAL DRINKER – drinks on special occasions or uses alcohol
as a home remedy, takes only a few drinks per year.
 FREQUENT DRINKER – drinks at parties and social affairs. Intake of
alcohol may be once a week or occasionally reaches three or four
times per week, uses beverages to release inhibitions and tensions.
 REGULAR DRINKER – may drink daily or consistently on weekends,
usually comes from cultural background where wine or beer is used
with meals to enhance the flavor of the food.
 ALCOHOL DEPENDENT – drinks to have good time, excessive
drinking occurs occasionally but drinker may not become alcoholic.
 ALCOHOLIC – has lost control of his use of alcohol. Alcohol assumes
primary goal in his life, even to the exclusion of physical health and
interests of family and society in general.
 MOTIVES FOR DRINKING
 TRADITIONAL – social and religious functions.
 STATUS – symbol of success and prestige.
 DIETARY – dining incomplete without wine, integral part of today’s
way of “gracious living”.
 SOCIAL – release tensions and inhibitions so user can tolerate and
enjoy another’s company.
 SHORTCUT TO ADULTHOOD – user unsure of maturity, drinks to
prove himself.
 RITUAL – fosters group feeling, cocktail parties, toasts made to
brides, wishes for good health.
 PATH OF LEAST RESISTANCE - doesn’t want to drink but doesn’t
want to abstain so goes along with everyone else.
 ALCOHOL EFFECTS ON THE
COMMUNITY
 Trouble in the Home
 Trouble among Friends
 Trouble at Work
 Trouble at Play
 Trouble on Roads
 Trouble with Crime
 Trouble with the Economy and the Nation