Main Differences between the IoT

and M2M
• IoT is a subset of M2M technology. In IoT, the communication
between two machines without human instruction, making it a part
of the M2M communication system.

• The point-to-point communication of M2M is the main difference

between M2M and IoT technology. Meanwhile, an IoT system
usually locates its devices within a global cloud network that
facilitates larger-scale automation and more advanced applications.

• Another key difference between IoT and M2M is scalability. IoT is

designed to be highly scalable because devices may also be
included in the network and integrated into existing networks with
minimal issues. In contrast, maintaining and setting up M2M
networks could also be more labor-intensive, as new point-to-point
connections must be built for each system.
 Features IoT M2M

Abbreviation IoT stands for the Internet of M2M stands for Machine-to-
Things. Machine communication.
Intelligence Devices include objects that are In M2M, there is a limited
responsible for decision-making amount of intelligence
processes. observed.
Communication IoT has used internet protocols like Communication technology
Protocol Used FTP, Telnet, and HTTP. and Traditional protocols are
uses in M2M technology.
Connection Type Used The connection of IoT is through the M2M uses a point to point
network and using various types of connection.
communication.
Scope It has a wide range of devices, yet It has a limited Scope for
the scope is large. devices.
Business Type Used It has Business to Consumer (B2C) It has Business to Business
and Business to Business (B2B). (B2B) communication.

Data Sharing In IoT, data sharing depends on the In M2M, devices may be
Internet protocol network. connected through mobile or
any other network.
Open API Support IoT technology supports Open API In M2M technology, there is
integrations. no Open API support.
Example Big Data, Cloud, Smart wearables, Data and Information,
and many more. sensors, and many more.
 IoT vs WoT
• Utilizing current technologies and techniques used on the web and applying them
in the creation of IoT systems is known as the Web of Things.
• The WoT seeks to empower the IoT in a flexible and scalable way by using the
web as its application layer.
• IoT aims to create a network of objects, things, people, services, and applications,
whereas WoT integrates them into the web. WoT is closely related to IoT; it’s an
additional application layer added to IoT’s network layer to maximize connectivity.
• WoT allows access and control over IoT applications using web technologies such
as HTML, JavaScript. It reuses already existing web protocols to create a global
ecosystem of things for seamless communication.
• Mozilla WoT is an open platform for monitoring and controlling devices over the
web from a Smart Hub. For example, the WebThing gateway by Mozilla connects,
manages smart devices such as smart locks, smart thermostats, and enables the
user to monitor and control the smart home over the web.
 Internet of Everything (IoE)
• On the other hand, the Internet of Everything (IoE) is defined as the intelligent
connection of people, services, data, and devices.
• The IoE comprises M2M (machine-to-machine) communications, machine-to-
people (M2P), and technology-assisted people-to-people (P2P) connections.
According to the IoE concept, any device can be equipped with digital features
and connected to a network of devices, people, and processes to create useful
data, exchange it, and enable data-based relevant decision-making.
• The IoT focuses on the interconnectivity of physical devices that exchange data,
while IoE is a broader term that encompasses the connection of several
technologies and people.
• Both IoE and IoT have decentralized systems; their components can work
independently. In other words, the problem in one part will not fail the whole
system.
• However, this distributed approach also makes both the systems vulnerable to
cyberattacks and security breaches.
Stages In IOT
IOT Framework
 IoT − Advantages
• Improved Customer Engagement
• Technology Optimization
• Reduced Waste
• Enhanced Data Collection
 IoT − Disadvantages
• Security
• Privacy
• Complexity
• Flexibility
• Compliance
Architecture Reference Model
Reference Model and Architecture

• An ARM consists of two main parts: a Reference model and a

Reference Architecture.
• •A reference model describes the domain using a number of
sub-models
 What is network configuration?

• Network configuration is the process of assigning network settings, policies, flows,

and controls. In a virtual network , it’s easier to make network configuration
changes because physical network devices appliances are replaced by software,
removing the need for extensive manual configuration.

Network configuration can also be automated and managed via a centralized

configuration manager network configuration manager, further reducing manual
IT workload and making it easier to:
• Maintain a network
• Make configuration changes
• Relaunch devices
• Track and report data
 IOT Proxy
• The IoT proxy is a server as well as a client between the IoT client and
WSP. The IoT proxy has the RD(Resource Directory) functionalities for
registering information of resources which expose services in the network
and discovering the information by IoT clients.
• A proxy server is basically a computer on the internet with its own IP
address that your computer knows. ... The proxy server then makes your
web request on your behalf, collects the response from the web server,
and forwards you the web page data so you can see the page in your
browser
 Review of Basic Microcontrollers
and interfacing
• A Microcontroller is a VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) Integrated Circuit
(IC) that contains electronic computing unit and logic unit (combinedly
known as CPU), Memory (Program Memory and Data Memory), I/O Ports
(Input / Output Ports) and few other components integrated on a single
chip.
 Basics of Microcontrollers

• Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• Program Memory (ROM – Read Only Memory)
• Data Memory (RAM – Random Access Memory)
• Timers and Counters
• I/O Ports (I/O – Input/Output)
• Serial Communication Interface
• Clock Circuit (Oscillator Circuit)
• Interrupt Mechanism
Basic Structure of a Microcontroller
 Advantages of Microcontrollers

• A Microcontroller is a true device that fits the computer-on-a-chip idea.

• No need for any external interfacing of basic components like Memory, I/O Ports,
etc.
• Microcontrollers doesn’t require complex operating systems as all the instructions
must be written and stored in the memory. (RTOS is an exception).
• All the Input/Output Ports are programmable.
• Integration of all the essential components reduces the cost, design time and area
of the product (or application).
Disadvantages of Microcontrollers

• Microcontrollers are not known for their computation power.

• The amount of memory limits the instructions that a
microcontroller can execute.
• No Operating System and hence, all the instruction must be
written.
 Applications of Microcontrollers

• There are huge number of applications of Microcontrollers. In fact, the

entire embedded systems industry is dependent on Microcontrollers. The
following are few applications of Microcontrollers.
• Front Panel Controls in devices like Oven, washing Machine etc.
• Function Generators
• Smoke and Fire Alarms
• Home Automation Systems
• Automatic Headlamp ON in Cars
• Speed Sensed Door Locking System
Circuit Diagram of Raspberry Pi
Contd ....