everyone

A blessed day
Welcome to Personal
Development class

Joseph G. Acena
 Dear Lord and Father of all,
Thank you for today.
Thank you for the ways in which you
provide for us all.
For Your protection and love, we thank
you. Help us to focus our hearts and
minds now on what we are about to
learn.
Inspire us with Your Holy Spirit as we
listen and write.
Guide us by Your eternal light as we
discover more about the world around
us.
HOW ARE YOU FEELING
TODAY?

Whoa!
This can be the part of the
presentation where you introduce
yourself, write your email…
 Let’s have the Pre-test

1. Self-development is ____________.
a. believing you are good
b. knowing God’s existence
c. a process of discovering oneself
d. The effort to be known in the
community
 Let’s have the Pre-test

1. Self-development is ____________.
a. believing you are good
b. knowing God’s existence
c. a process of discovering oneself
d. The effort to be known in the
community
 Let’s have the Pre-test

2. Know thyself is an old

____________.
a. maxim
b. tradition
c. principle
d. philosophy
 Let’s have the Pre-test

2. Know thyself is an old

____________.
a. maxim
b. tradition
c. principle
d. philosophy
 Let’s have the Pre-test

3. Self-concept is ones abstract and

general about him/herself
particularly toward his/her
____________.
a. life
b. career
c. existence
 Let’s have the Pre-test

3. Self-concept is ones abstract and

general about him/herself
particularly toward his/her
____________.
a. life
b. career
c. existence
 Let’s have the Pre-test

4. Id according to Sigmund
Freud is the ____________.
a. first aspect of personality
b. second layer of a person
c. third aspect of a person
d. instinct of a man
 Let’s have the Pre-test

4. Id according to Sigmund
Freud is the ____________.
a. first aspect of personality
b. second layer of a person
c. third aspect of a person
d. instinct of a man
 Let’s have the Pre-test

5. Ego as explained by Freud

operates according to
____________.
a. dream
b. reality
c. fantasy
 Let’s have the Pre-test

5. Ego as explained by Freud

operates according to
____________.
a. dream
b. reality
c. fantasy
 Let’s have the Pre-test

6. Superego holds ____________.

a. moral judgment
b. instinct of a man
c. reality in man’s life
d. man’s choice in life
 Let’s have the Pre-test

6. Superego holds ____________.

a. moral judgment
b. instinct of a man
c. reality in man’s life
d. man’s choice in life
 Let’s have the Pre-test

7. According to Rene Descartes

mind is the ____________.
a. reason of believing
b. seat of consciousness
c. beginning of all wisdom
d. source of all self-
consciousness
 Let’s have the Pre-test

7. According to Rene Descartes

mind is the ____________.
a. reason of believing
b. seat of consciousness
c. beginning of all wisdom
d. source of all self-
consciousness
 Let’s have the Pre-test

8. Read thyself, as explained by

Thomas Hobbes can lead person to
learn more ____________.
a. of himself/herself
b. of his/her society
c. by studying in school
d. by studying with books
 Let’s have the Pre-test

8. Read thyself, as explained by

Thomas Hobbes can lead person to
learn more ____________.
a. of himself/herself
b. of his/her society
c. by studying in school
d. by studying with books
 Let’s have the Pre-test

9. According to Socrates an
unexamined life is not worth
____________.
a. living
b. giving
c. getting
d. sharing
 Let’s have the Pre-test

9. According to Socrates an
unexamined life is not worth
____________.
a. living
b. giving
c. getting
d. sharing
 Let’s have the Pre-test

10. He is the Father of Modern

Philosophy.
a. Socrates
b. Rene Descartes
c. Sigmund Freud
d. Thomas Hobbes
 Let’s have the Pre-test

10. He is the Father of Modern

Philosophy.
a. Socrates
b. Rene Descartes
c. Sigmund Freud
d. Thomas Hobbes
 Let’s have the Pre-test

11. He is the creator of

Psychoanalytic Theory.
a. Socrates
b. Rene Descartes
c. Sigmund Freud
d. Thomas Hobbes
 Let’s have the Pre-test

11. He is the creator of

Psychoanalytic Theory.
a. Socrates
b. Rene Descartes
c. Sigmund Freud
d. Thomas Hobbes
 Let’s have the Pre-test

12. He is the author of The

Leviathan.
a. Socrates
b. Rene Descartes
c. Sigmund Freud
d. Thomas Hobbes
 Let’s have the Pre-test

12. He is the author of The

Leviathan.
a. Socrates
b. Rene Descartes
c. Sigmund Freud
d. Thomas Hobbes
 Let’s have the Pre-test

13. He the author of the old saying

“Knowing others is intelligence; knowing
yourself is true wisdom. Mastering others is
strength; mastering yourself is true
power”.
a. Plato
b. Lao Tzu
c. Aristotle
 Let’s have the Pre-test

13. He the author of the old saying

“Knowing others is intelligence; knowing
yourself is true wisdom. Mastering others is
strength; mastering yourself is true
power”.
a. Plato
b. Lao Tzu
c. Aristotle
 Let’s have the Pre-test

14. The Suda is an encyclopedia of

Greek knowledge that reminds
individual not to attend to the
____________.
a. bad practices
b. societal issues
c. opinion of others
 Let’s have the Pre-test

14. The Suda is an encyclopedia of

Greek knowledge that reminds
individual not to attend to the
____________.
a. bad practices
b. societal issues
c. opinion of others
 Let’s have the Pre-test

15. Superego according to Freud will

be developed at the age of
___________.
a. 4
b. 5
c. 6
d. 7
 Let’s have the Pre-test

15. Superego according to Freud will

be developed at the age of
___________.
a. 4
b. 5
c. 6
d. 7
 O n e se lf :
K no wi n g
hs a n d
Strengt
i t at i o n s
Li m
 01
Explain that knowing oneself can
make a person accept his/her

Learning strengths and limitations and

dealing with others better

objectiv 02
Share your unique
characteristics, habits, and
es experiences
03
Conduct self-exploration and
simple disclosure
Inquiry
question
How well
do you
know
yourself?
This can be the part of the
 Start Knowing Yourself Better

As an individual, we commonly see other’s manner of doing

things, belief and lifestyle. Most of the time, we comments
and/or judgement on how they behave and react in certain
scenarios. However, it is observed that most people find it
hard to make good and sound evaluation towards their own
behaviour, traits and personality. In this lesson, we will try to
know ourselves better by having careful reflections on how
we see ourselves as an individual and understanding our
characters particularly as young and late adolescent.
Start Knowing Yourself Better

Kindly work with a partner

(anyone who is available to
give you some assistance)
and assess how well you
know yourself by listing down
your values, characteristics
and/or traits using the Four
Quadrants of Oneself.
Start Knowing Yourself better

I. Values you know

well you possess
II. Values you and
others knew you possess
III. Values you and
others hardly knew
you possess
IV. Values others knew
well you possess
 Start Knowing Yourself better

1. How do you feel listing down your traits in the first

quadrants?
2. What makes you write those traits in those
quadrants?
3. How do you find the answers of your peer regarding
your trait?
4. How does it feel that others are not aware that you
possess some of the traits you have?
5. How well do you know yourself now? Can you
Defining the
“Self”
Who Am
I?
Defining the “Self”
In philosophical terms, it is the being,
which is the source of person’s
consciousness. It is the agent responsible
for an individual’s thoughts and actions.
The “Self” is an intangible entity that
directs a person’s thoughts and actions. It
is outside the physical realm of the person.
Defining the “Self”
The “Self” is identified in various contexts,
such as in psychology, sociology, or
religion. The “Self” is the essence of a
person: his thoughts, feelings, and actions,
experiences, beliefs, values, principles, and
relationships. The “Self” includes a
person’s life purpose, meaning, and
aspirations.
Defining the “Self”
Since our approach to personal development is
holistic, we will integrate the various definitions of
“Self” from philosophical, spiritual, and
psychological realms, but we will focus and give
more emphasis on its psychological definition.

If the “Self” is defined as the cognitive and

affective representation of one’s identity, it is then
defined in terms of human characteristics such as
behavior and thought.
 In psychology,
Defining the term personality is
the “Self”
referred to as the set of behaviors,
feelings, thoughts, and motives that
identifies an individual. Personality is the
essence of who we are and is the
embodiment of one’s physical,
psychological, cognitive, affective, and
spiritual. Therefore, when we speak of the
“Self”, we will describe it in personality
terms. Both nature (heredity or genetic)
Let’s explore
further
Self-Development
Self-development is a process of discovering
oneself by realizing one's potentials and
capabilities that are shaped over time either by
studying in a formal school or through
environmental factors. Along this realization, an
individual encounters gradual changes deep
within him/her that may help him/her overcome
unacceptable practices or traits which lead him
towards positive change for his growth or self-
fulfillment. It is also called personal development.
 Know Thyself
“An unexamined life is not worth living”, this is
one of the famous lines once uttered by one of the
greatest philosophers of Ancient Greek, Socrates.

Know Thyself is an old maxim or aphorism which

in time has been used in varied literature and
consequently gained different meanings. One of
its meanings is recorded in the Greek
encyclopedia of knowledge called “The Suda”.
 Know Thyself
Thomas Hobbes also discussed his own views about the
maxim from which he used the phrase “read thyself” in his
famous work The Leviathan. He stressed that an individual
could learn more by studying others and that he/she can do
this by engaging himself/herself to reading books.
However, Hobbes emphasized that a person learns more by
studying oneself.
He further elaborates his views about know thyself
from which he states that a man who looks into
himself/herself and considers contemplating on what
he/she did or what he/she thinks, reasons, hopes and/or
fears and to what grounds he/she feels all these can
consequently learn how to read and learn others’ thoughts
 Self-Concept
Self-concept is ones abstract and general idea
about him/herself particularly toward his/her unique
personality and his/her own perception about
his/her set of values, point of views and behavior.

This theory began as Rene Descartes, the Father of

Modern Philosophy, proposed his theory that a
person’s existence depends on his/her perception.
Rene Descartes stated that mind is the seat of
consciousness.
 Self-Concept
Self-concept theory has a lot of suppositions
regarding how people learn to judge
themselves. Among these Sincero named
three aspects such as:

Self-concept is learned
Self-concept is organized
Self-concept is dynamic
 Self-Concept
Self-concept is learned. This explains that
no individual is born with self-concept. A
person will soon develop this as he/she
grows old. This means that self-concept can
only be acquired as soon as the person
learns how to mingle with others and so this
indicates that self-concept is influenced by
the person’s environment and can be a
product of the person’s socialization.
 Self-Concept
Self-concept is organized. This stresses
out that one’s perception towards
himself/herself is firm. This means that a
person may hear other people’s point of
view regarding himself/herself but will keep
on believing that what he/she thinks of
himself/herself is always the right one.
Change on one’s perceptions towards
himself/herself, however, may also be
 Self-Concept
Self-concept is dynamic. As an individual
grows older, he/she continues to encounter
problems or challenges that may reveal
his/her self-concept in that particular time or
situation. A person will definitely respond to
the scenario based on his/her own insights
and how he/she perceives himself/herself in
the situation. Thus, self-concept undergoes
development as the person goes through
 Self-Concept

Sigmund Freud who is a well-known

psychologist, neurologist and the creator of
Psychoanalysis Theory and the father of
psychoanalysis, proposed that there are
three components of personality within us:
the Id, Ego and Superego that certainly play
a vital role of how we think of ourselves.
 Self-Concept
The Id. Freud explained that man's personality is driven by
pleasure principle. This means that the nature of Id is to
satisfy man's desire without thinking much of the situation.
This nature is being developed at a young age or present from
birth. To illustrate this idea let us take this as an example. An
infant will cry if he/she wants to be fed to satisfy his/her
hunger. Definitely, an infant cannot exactly explain what
he/she really wants. Also, infants do grab things and would
want to get things on their hands not minding if they hurt nor
if they are important or not. All they want is to get them for
they want them. This is the nature of Id, when the id wants it
the rest are no longer important. However, this instinct is
controlled by the ego and superego as these aspects are
 Self-Concept
The Ego. This is the second component of the
personality that is developed at approximately the age
of three. This operates according to reality which makes
it possible for the Id to work in a more proper and
satisfactory ways. The ego will give a more socially
accepted means of getting the desires and wants of a
person without getting to hurt other feelings. In other
words, it is the job of the ego to provide a man some
guidelines on how to behave accordingly while he
fulfilled his pleasure. This component of our personality
is manifested whenever we try to satisfy our cravings
without compromising our self-image to others.
 Self-Concept
The Superego. Freud believed that this aspect of man
begins to manifest as a child turns 5. This is the last
component of personality which holds our moral
judgments or concept of right and wrong that are
believed to be acquired from the family and the
environment.
This personality is developed as man learns the culture
of distinguishing right from wrong based on the set of
guidelines and standards that are known to people which
might have been probably imposed by the people in the
community like parents, teachers, elders or the
community as a whole. Therefore, superego directs a
 Self-Concept
“Knowing others is intelligence;
knowing yourself is true wisdom.
Mastering others is strength;
mastering yourself is true power.” - Lao
Tzu

“Knowing yourself is the beginning of

all wisdom.”
- Aristotle
Let’s try to
know
ourselves
Challenge 1: Editorial Cartoon Analysis
1. What do you
think is the
message of the
cartoon? Do you
agree with the
cartoonist?
2. How would
you describe
the thought of
the cartoonist
toward
adolescents?
 Challenge 2: Visualize the Situation

1. How would you interpret the line in connection

to cyber bullying? Do you agree with it? Give
concrete situation to justify your answer. 2.
Visualize the situation being presented by the
author. In what certain scenario do you think
 Let’s
discover
yourself
more
 a p
d M
o a ● 7
y R ● Meet
M ● Spain
● Like
● Favorite
● Lucy
Homewor
k
 Assignment
You are indeed successful in studying this
lesson, now you are to do a certain task to enhance
your skills in knowing yourself better.
They say that people do live in accordance or
opposite to what their names suggest. Kindly ask your
parents, guardian or relatives of a short history of how
they name you. You may also surf the net of the
meaning of your name.
After having the knowledge regarding the
definition of your name, face the mirror, contemplate
and relax for a moment. You are to recall happy
thoughts and also the lowest moment of your life. In
your mind, try to list down things that makes you
familiar with your behavior, personality, actions and
 Assignment
Then, after a moment of contemplating make a
diary note and write down your thoughts there. Be
guided by the instructions below.

Write a three-paragraph reflection on how you

lived your life for the past five years. Please take
note of the guide questions given below.
1. Have you lived in accordance or opposite of
your name?
2. What delivered you to having this kind of life?
3. What would you like to retain the same or to
change your life?
4. What best quote can sum up your life?
Thank you!
Prepare for an
assessment next
meeting

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