DRRR

The Elements
Of Fire Triangle
 What is Fire?
Fire is the rapid oxidation of
a material in the exothermal
chemical process of
combustion, releasing heat,
light, and various reaction
products.
THE FIRE TRIANGLE
1.Fuel- is any material that can be
burned such as solid, liquid, or gas.
Combustion takes place when fuel
is converted into gaseous state as
moisture is removed. This happens
when vapor is escaping from any
combustible material.
2.Heat- is an energy that flows
through object. Enough amount of
heat would free the vapor from
solid and liquid forms of fuel. The
lowest temperature needed to
form an ignitable mixture in air
near the surface of the liquid is
called the flash point. The higher
the flashpoint, the more difficult it
is to ignite the material.
THE FIRE TRIANGLE
3. Oxygen is an element, estimated
21% of it can be found in the air.
During combustion process
chemical reaction takes place.
Oxygen is released and serves as
an oxidizing agent for
combustible materials. Without
an oxidizing agent like oxygen
there will be no fire even if heat
and fuel are present.
The theory of fire extinguishment is based on removing
any of the elements in the fire triangle to suppress the
fire.

1. REMOVING THE HEAT. 2. REMOVING THE FUEL.

The goal here is to lower the In most cases, removing the

temperature which is usually fuel from the fire is not a practical
accomplished by adding water as an way of extinguishing fire except
extinguishing agent. Other when dealing with flammable liquid
extinguishing agents include fires, valves can be shut off and
chemical and mechanical foams. storage vessels pumped to safe
areas to help
eliminate the supply of fuel to the
fire.
The theory of fire extinguishment is based on removing
any of the elements in the fire triangle to suppress the
fire.
3. REMOVE THE OXYGEN.

Air is mainly 21% oxygen, and this is

sufficient to support combustion in most
fire situations. Removal of the air or
oxygen can be accomplished by separating
it from the fuel source or by displacing it
with other gases like carbon dioxide,
nitrogen and steam. Examples of
separation would be foam on a flammable
liquid fire, a wet blanket on a trash fire, or
a tight-fitting lid on a skillet fire. Foam
does not only lower temperature but also
FIRE HAZARDS
CONCEPT AND
CAUSES
 Natural Causes of Fire

Lightning Strikes
Spontaneous
Volcanic Fire Combustion
 Natural Causes of Fire

Lightning that strikes any Volcanic activities could

combustible material which also cause fire. During
can set trees on fire that volcanic activity, it spews hot
might eventually result to gases, ash and lava and
forest fire or wildfire. This is when these hot materials get
the most common natural in contact with flammable
cause of fire. materials it might start a
wildfire.
 Natural Causes of Fire

Spontaneous combustion is another

natural cause of fire. This happens when
a hydrocarbon substance unexpectedly
creates fire without apparent cause.
Pyrophoric substances ignite
spontaneously in air at or below 54˚C or
within 5 minutes after getting into
contact with air. Examples of pyrophoric
substances are iron sulfide, plutonium
and uranium.
II. Human-made causes of fire are those products of human
errors or machine failures. Wildfires or forest fires caused by
human activities such as machinery sparks when cutting logs
in the forest, cast-away cigarette butts in dried grasses and
sometimes due to kaingin or even arson (human inflicted fire
by directly setting the area to burn).

Housefire is a fire incident that is generally caused by human

and machine
error.
 Common Causes of Housefire:

Cooking Heaters Smoking Candles

Equipment in
Bedrooms
 Common Causes of Housefire:

Curious Faulty Barbeques Flammabl

Children Wiring e Liquids
Common Causes of Housefire:

Lighting
 Common Causes of Housefire:
1. Cooking equipment. Pots and pans can be overheated when a person
gets distracted while cooking or leaves cooking unattended. This is the
most common cause of housefire.
2. Heaters. Portable heaters can cause fire when it is placed near objects
that can easily burn like curtains and laundry cloths.
3.Smoking in bedrooms. A cigarette that is not put out properly can cause
fire as the cigarette butts can continuously burn in a few hours. It can
also immediately cause fire when get in contact with flammable
materials.
4. Candles. It is not actually a hazard but when left unattended it can
easily burst into flames and cause fire.
5. Curious children. Kids can sometimes cause fire out of curiosity, so
they wanted to see what would happen if they set fire to an object.
 Common Causes of Housefire:
6. Faulty wiring. Homes with insufficient wiring can cause fires from
electrical hazard. Signs that you can observe if you have faulty wirings
are lights dim if you use another appliance; for an appliance to work, you
must disconnect another; and fuse blow the circuit breaker frequently.
7. Barbeques. This is a great outdoor activity or one of the famous street
foods in the Philippines. Avoid doing this activity near tablecloths, trees or
even plants.
8. Flammable liquids. Petrol, kerosene or other methylated substances
are the most common flammable liquids found at home that can cause
fire if not properly stored. Always store in cool, dry place.
9. Lighting. Lamp shades and light fittings can build heat if they are very
close to light bulbs. Too much heat can eventually ignite the materials
and result to
fire incident.
SAFETY FIRE PREVENTION

SMOKING
-Provide no-smoking
signs at appropriate
locations.
-Ensure smoking
area(s) are away from
flammable materials.
-Arrange for cigarettes
and matches to be
disposed of safely and
away from other
combustible garbage.
 SAFETY FIRE PREVENTION
EQUIPMENTS

-Ensure all work equipment protects against

catching fire or overheating.

-Ensure proper housekeeping, such as

preventing ventilation points on machinery
becoming clogged with dust or other
materials - causing overheating.

-Have electrical equipment serviced

regularly by a competent person to prevent
sparks and fires.
 SAFETY FIRE PREVENTION
EQUIPMENTS

-Properly clean and maintain heat producing

equipment such as burners, heat
exchangers, boilers (inspected and tested
yearly), ovens, stoves, and fryers. Require
storage of flammables away from this
equipment.

-Use a planned maintenance programme to

properly maintain plant and equipment.
Review your programmed if you already
have one.
 SAFETY FIRE PREVENTION
EQUIPMENTS

-A planned maintenance programmed should

deal with
frictional heat (caused by loose drive belts,
bearings which are not properly lubricated or
other moving parts)
electrical malfunction.

-Flammable materials used in contact with

hot surfaces
leaking valves or flanges which allow
seepage of flammable liquids or gases static
sparks (perhaps due to inadequate electrical
 SAFETY FIRE PREVENTION
ELECTRICAL SAFETY. - Get a qualified
electrical contractor to
- All electrical
carry out installation
equipment and
and repairs to electrical
installations designed,
equipment and fittings.
constructed, installed,
maintained,
protected, and used
to prevent danger.
- Maintain proper pest
control to avoid rodent
damage to electric
wiring and equipment.
Example Pictures Of Fire Disaster Here in Zamboanga

Sibugay
 PREVENTING A FIRE

Reminders!

- Reduce open flame exposures

- Secure wires

- No glass bowls on wooden decks

- Put covers over stove knobs

 PREPARING FOR A FIRE
Reminders!
- Include your pet in a family
emergency plan

- Create emergency pet supply bags

- Put up pet number decal on your

door/window

- Use monitored smoke detectors

- Keep pets near entrances

- Know pet's hideaways

 DURING A FIRE
Reminders!

- If you can't find your pet quickly,

leave and let responders

- search your home

- Grab leashes and carriers

- If your pet is still inside, open

doors and call to him or her to
exit
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