CIRCULAR PERMUTATION

When an object arrange in circle, the counting

P = (n – 1)!
1
EXAMPL
E1
If 6 persons are to be seated in round table with 6 chairs, how
many ways can they be seated?
SOLUTION:
Since 1 person is to be taken as fixed, then:
P = (n – 1)!
= (6 – 1)!
= 5!
= 120
ways
2
EXAMPL
E2
How many ways can 6 ladies be seated in a circular table
such that 2 of the ladies must always sit besides each other?
SOLUTION:
Consider the 2 ladies as one fixed object. Hence, these 2
ladies taken as one, can be arrange in 2 ways.

₂P₂
(n – 1)!nPr = (5 – 1)!

= 4! 2
= (24)(2)
= 48
ways 3
EXAMPL
E 3Find the number of ways in which 5 people A, B, C, D, and E can be
seated at a round table, such that C and D never sit together
SOLUTION:
Since 1 person is to be taken as fixed but C and D never sit
together.
P = hence,
₂P₂
(n – 1)! (n – 1)!nPr = (4 – 1)!
= (5 - 1)!
= 4! = 3! 2
= 24ways total number of = (6)(2)
= 12 ways where A and D
ways together
Therefore,
Number of ways = 24
= 12 – 12where C and D never sit
ways
together
4
TRY TO
SOLVE
In how many ways can 3 men and 3
women be seated at around table such
that no two men sit together?

5
PERMUTATION WITH ALIKE OBJECTS
Another type of permutation wherein the n,
some of the r objects are alike, is known as
permutation with alike things. This type of
permutation is defined as:

𝒏
P ! !
𝒓𝟏!𝒓 𝟐
Where 𝑟1 𝑟2 … 𝑟𝑘 stand
𝒓𝒌! for the number of
=
alike objects

6
EXAMPL
E4
How many permutations are there in the word
TAGAYTAY? SOLUTION:
Let n = 8, the number of letter in the word
TAGAYTAY
𝑟𝑟21 =
𝑛
𝑟1!!𝑟2 !
= 2,
3, the
the number
number of
of letter T
𝑟
P
3 = 1,Athe number of
𝑟8!
𝑘!
letter =
𝑟 4
letter G the number of
= 2, 2!3!1!
letter Y =2!
= 24
40320
Then:
= 1680
permutations 7
EXAMPL
E5
If 7 numbers will be used to formed telephone numbers,
how many possible telephone numbers can be formed if 3
will be used twice; 2, thrice; and 5, twice
SOLUTION:
𝑛
!
𝑟1 !𝑟2 !
P
𝑟𝑘7!
!
=
2!3!
=2!
= 24
5040
= 210 telephone
numbers
8
EXAMPL
E6In the mountainous regions of India, China, Nepal and Bhutan, it is
common to see prayer flags. Each flag has a prayer written on it and
colour is used to symbolized different elements: green, yellow, white,
blue and red. How many different arrangement of the same prayer can
someone make if they use these 9 flags: 1 green, 1 yellow, 2 white, 3
blue and 2 red?
SOLUTION: 𝑛
!
𝑟1 !𝑟2 !
P
𝑟𝑘9!
!
=
2!3!
=2!
= 24
362880
= 15120 different 9
TRY TO
SOLVE
Along how many different routes can
one walk a total of 9 blocks by going
4 blocks to north and 5 blocks east ?

1
COMBINATION
Is an arrangement of objects taken from n
different objects with no reference to order.
Hence, the number of combinations of n
objects taken r at a time is defined as:

𝒏!
𝒓! 𝒏
nCr
= −𝒓 !

1
EXAMPL
E7
In how many ways can a committee of 4 executives be
organized from 15 executives?
SOLUTION:
nCr = ₁₅C₄
15
4! !15−4
=
! 15!
4!
=
(11!)
=1365
ways
1
EXAMPL
E 8From 6 female employees and 5 male employees, how many
groups of 5 employees can be organized consisting of 3 female
employees and 2 male employees?
SOLUTION:
The 3 female employees can be chosen in ₆C₃ ways, the 2 male
employees in ₅C₂
ways, thus
n₁Cr₁*n₂Cr₂ =
₆C₃*₅C₂ = 6!
3! 5!
6−3 ! 2! 5−2
*
! 6!
= 5! *
3!(3!) 2!
(3!)
= (20)(10)
= 200 1
EXAMPL
E9
Find the number of possible combinations of the letter w, x, y
and z if the letters are taken 2 at a time.
SOLUTION:
nCr = ₄C₂
4
2! !
=
4−2
4! !
2!
=
(2!)
24
= 4

=6
combinations 1
TRY TO
SOLVE
A box contains 8 ten-peso coins and
5 five- peso coins. In how many ways
can 3 coins be drawn such that they
are all ten-peso coins?