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STYLISTICS lec 3

The document outlines various types of stylistics, focusing primarily on linguistic stylistics, which examines the linguistic features and choices in a text and their effects. It discusses different levels of analysis including phonological, morphological, syntactic, and graphological aspects, emphasizing the relationship between language use and artistic function. Additionally, it briefly mentions other stylistic approaches such as reader-response, affective, pragmatic, pedagogical, and forensic stylistics.

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Ayesha Gul
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43 views

STYLISTICS lec 3

The document outlines various types of stylistics, focusing primarily on linguistic stylistics, which examines the linguistic features and choices in a text and their effects. It discusses different levels of analysis including phonological, morphological, syntactic, and graphological aspects, emphasizing the relationship between language use and artistic function. Additionally, it briefly mentions other stylistic approaches such as reader-response, affective, pragmatic, pedagogical, and forensic stylistics.

Uploaded by

Ayesha Gul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STYLISTICS

Types of Stylistics

1. Linguistic Stylistics
2. Literary Stylistics (De familiarity)
Linguistic Stylistics
 Linguistic Stylistics explores the linguistic
features of a text.
 There is reference to style as the selection

of certain linguistic forms or features over


other possible ones.
 Linguistic stylistics therefore points out

those linguistic choices which a writer or


speaker has made as well as the effects of
the choices.
Conti…..
 Linguistic stylistics is primarily concerned
with the use of language and its effects in a
text.

 E.g. A poem: a linguistic stylistic analysis


will be interested in describing the form and
function of language in the poem, paying
attention to certain “curiosities” that may
be accounted for in linguistic terms.
The Rain by W.H.Davies

I hear leaves drinking rain;


I hear rich leaves on top
Giving the poor beneath
Drop after drop;
’Tis a sweet noise to hear
These green leaves drinking near.
And when the Sun comes out,
After this Rain shall stop,
A wondrous Light will fill
Each dark, round drop;
I hope the Sun shines bright;
’Twill be a lovely sight.
Linguistic stylistics

 Linguistic Stylistics directs its attention


on how a piece of discourse is expressed.
 Lexis, semantics, syntax, graphology,

phonology etc. are the elements of this


type of stylistics.
Conti…..
 Linguistic Stylistics acknowledges the fact
that it is not enough to study just the
language of the literary texts since there
are two aspects of literature:
 the verbal and the artistic.
 In view of this linguistic stylistics has its

major purpose which relates language


use to artistic function.
 How language has been used to express

the message.
Features/Levels of Linguistic Stylistics
 Phonological Level:
It studies the combination of sounds
into organized units of speech. Though phonology is
considered to be the superficial level of language, there
are some aspects of it such as tone which contribute to
the meaning of an utterance.
 Are there any phonological patterns of rhyme,
alliteration, assonance, etc.? Are there any salient
rhythmical patterns? Do vowel and consonant sounds
pattern or cluster in particular ways? How do these
phonological features interact with meaning?
Morphological or Lexical level
 Is vocabulary simple or complex? ,Descriptive or
evaluative?,General or specific?
 How far does the writer make use of the emotive and

other associations of words, as opposed to their


referential meaning?
 Does the text contain idiomatic phrases or notable

collocations, and if so, with what kind of dialect or


register are these idioms or collocations associated?
 Is there any use of rare or specialised vocabulary?
Conti….
 Nouns. Are the nouns abstract or concrete? What kinds
of abstract nouns occur (e.g. nouns referring to events,
perceptions, processes, moral qualities, social
qualities)? What use is made of proper names?
Collective nouns?

 Adjectives. Are the adjectives frequent? To what kinds


of attribute do adjectives refer? Physical?
Psychological? Visual? Auditory? Colour? Referential?
Emotive? Evaluative? etc. Are adjectives gradable or
non-gradable? Attributive or predicative?
Conti…
 Verbs. Do the verbs carry an important part of the
meaning? Are they stative or dynamic? Do they ‘refer’ to
movements, physical acts, speech acts, psychological
states or activities, perceptions, etc.? Are they transitive,
intransitive, linking etc.? Are they factive or non-factive?
 Adverbs. Are adverbs frequent? What semantic functions
do they perform (manner, place, direction, time, degree,
etc.)? Is there any significant use of sentence adverbs
(conjuncts such as so, therefore, however; disjuncts such
as certainly, obviously, frankly?
Semantic o Syntactic Level
 Syntactic Features are related to sentence structures.
 Concerned with the arrangement of the words in a
sentence. It also attempts to describe how these elements
function in the sentence.
 Studies description of rules of positioning of words in a
sentence.
 Involves rules of positioning of elements in a sentence,
such as nouns, verbs, adverbs etc.
 Semantic deals with the level of meaning in language.
 Tries to give account of both word and sentence meaning.
Semantic/Grammatical Level
 Structural and lexical features.
 Word classes or parts of speech.
 Nouns to interjections.
 Use of verbal.
 Coinages
 Unfamiliar expressions
 Connotations
 Colloquial references
 Compounding
Graphological Level
 Arrangement of letters into words & of words into
lines/ sentences.
 Rhyme Scheme
 Hyphens
 Unusual Capitalization
 Frequent use of a particular word/s
 Contractions/ contracted forms
 Punctuations
 Spelling
Types of Stylistics II
 Reader-response stylistics
 Affective stylistics
 Pragmatic stylistics
 Pedagogical stylistics
 Forensic stylistics
Reader- Response Stylistics
Affective Stylistics
Pragmatic Stylistics
Pedagogical Stylistics
Forensic Stylistics

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