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Week 10 PART 1-Translation Procedures-V4

The document outlines various translation procedures as defined by Vinay and Darbelnet, including borrowing, calque, literal translation, transposition, modulation, equivalence, and adaptation. Each procedure is explained with examples and contexts for their use in translation. Additionally, it discusses Kant's characteristics of creativity and the degree of creativity involved in translation processes.

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Kate Tang
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9 views

Week 10 PART 1-Translation Procedures-V4

The document outlines various translation procedures as defined by Vinay and Darbelnet, including borrowing, calque, literal translation, transposition, modulation, equivalence, and adaptation. Each procedure is explained with examples and contexts for their use in translation. Additionally, it discusses Kant's characteristics of creativity and the degree of creativity involved in translation processes.

Uploaded by

Kate Tang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Week 10 part 1

Translation procedures

Issue:
What are the strategies involved
in translation procedures?
What kind of garment did the speaker wear?
Loincloth, Tunic, Cloak, Dress
Vinay and Darbelnet’s model
7 useful Procedures:
 Borrowing

 Calque
 Literal Translation
 Transposition
 Modulation
 Equivalence
 Adaptation
Translation procedure 1
 Procedure 1: Borrowing
 Borrowing is the simplest of all translation methods.
 In order to introduce the flavor of the source
language culture into a translation, foreign terms may
be used. (e.g., tourist brochure)
 Some well-established, mainly older borrowings are so
widely used that they are no longer considered as such
and have become a part of the respective TL lexicon.
 Fill in a semantic gap in the TL
Borrowing
 chic
 Déjà vu (“already seen”)
 Rendezvous (meeting)
 sushi
 kimono
 Borrowings in technical fields

 Sometimes borrowings may be employed to add


local color
Translation Procedure 2
 Procedure 2: Calque
 A calque is a special kind of borrowing whereby a
language borrows an expression form of another, but
then translates literally each of its elements.
 Both borrowings and calques often become fully
integrated into the TL
 Brainwashing, Long time no see, Bubble economy,

Soap opera, Beer garden- Bier Garten


Translation Procedure 3
 Procedure 3: Literal Translation
 Literal, or word for word, translation is the direct
transfer of a SL text into a grammatically and
idiomatically appropriate TL text…
 It is most common when translating between two
languages of the same family (e.g. between French
and Italian), and even more so when they share the
same culture.
Unacceptable literal translation
 If literal transition turns out to be unacceptable, the
translator must turn to the methods of “oblique”
(indirect) translation
 “Unacceptable” results: if the message, when
translated literally, will render the following:
1. Giving another meaning
2. Having no meaning
3. Being structurally impossible
4. Having a corresponding expression in the TL, but not
within the same register
Translation Procedure 4
 Procedure 4: Transposition
 The method involves replacing one word class with
another without changing the meaning of the
message.  structural adjustment
 Transposition can be “obligatory” or “optional”.
 Vinay and Darbelnet see transposition as probably
the most common structural change undertaken by
translators.
 e.g. verb  noun; adverb  verb
Translation Procedure 5
 Procedure 5: Modulation
 Modulation is a variation of the form of the message,
obtained by a change in the point of view. This
change can be justified when, although a literal, or
even transposed, translation results in a
grammatically correct utterance, it is considered
unsuitable, unidiomatic or awkward in the TL.
 Slightly more subtle and abstract than transposition
 It consists of using a phrase that is different in the SL
and TL to convey the same idea.
 There is a slight change in both form and concept.
Examples for modulation
 “Sleep in the open” 在野外睡覺
 “dormir à la belle étoile” 睡在星空下
→ 抽象取代現實
 “You are quite a stranger” 你是個陌生人
 “On ne vous voit plus” 我對你所知不多
→ 原因取代結果
 “assurance-maladie” 疾病保險
 “Health insurance” 健康保險
→ 詞彙反說
Modulation
 A slight change in both form and concept
 Conveying same idea from a different perspective

Types of modulation:
 原因  结果
 部分  另一部分
1. Active Passive
 以抽象譯具體
2. Concrete Abstract  正説翻譯 / 反説正譯
3. Cause Effect  主動為被動
 空間譯時間
 對空間和時間的重新處理
 意象的改變
Translation Procedure 6
 Procedure 6: Equivalence
 The same situation can be rendered by two
texts using completely different stylistic and
structural methods. In such cases we are
dealing with the method which produces
dynamically equivalence.
 Onomatopoeia of animal sounds
 The method of creating equivalences is also
frequently applied to idioms (translate the meaning,
not the image)
Translation Procedure 7
 Procedure 7: Adaptation
 It is used in cases where the type of situation being
referred to by the SL message is totally unknown in the
TL culture.
 In such cases translators have to create a new situation
that can be considered as being equivalent.
 Adaptation can be described as a special kind of
equivalence— a situational equivalence.
Kant’s TEN characteristics of creativity
 1. Creativity is one unique property
 2. Creativity is a special talent or gift
 3. Creativity is an attribute of individuals
 4. Creativity is an attribute of artists
 5. Originality is a prerequisite of creativity
 6. Creativity cannot be taught
 7. There are no rules for creativity
 8. Creativity produces fine art
 9. Creativity occurs spontaneously
 10. Creativity is innate

 [Kristen Malmkjaer, Translation and Creativity, London: Routledge, 2019]


15
Discussion

 Looking at Kant’s characteristics of creativity, are


there points that you disagree with? Why?

16
Degree of Creativity

 Substitution Oblique translation


 Permutation Direct translation
 Adaptation Calque
 Paraphrase Direct transfer
 Addition
 Deletion
 Condensation
 Explicitation

17
Permutation
 Permutation is mostly used in literary translations. It
translates ST effects in a different place in the TT. It is
applied when a given ST effect cannot be rendered in
the TT for linguistic or stylistic reasons. Hence, the
effect is recreated somewhere else in the TT
(Schjoldager 2008: 109).

18
Various acts of writing

A diagram demonstrating the relationship between


translation, writing and transcreation
Discussion Q: (Choose one)
Please translate (1)
1) ITALY: A FLOATING TOUR OF TUSCANY
http://discovery.cathaypacific.com/floating-tour-tuscany/
 For centuries, Tuscany’s waterways were the lifeblood
of its trade and commerce. Today, they offer an
alternative way to discovering the rivers and cities of
this enchanting region of central Italy.

20
Please
translate
(2)

2) Welcome to Italy!
From Alpine meadows to sparkling coves;
from fast cars to slow food - Italy is a land
of fabled beauty and good living which for
many people is the ultimate holiday
destination. Its appeal lies in the gloriously
colourful variety which takes in Germanic
onion domed churches in the Dolomites
through the dazzling art cities of the centre
to the sun-kissed south's delicious food

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