BUCCAL DRUG

DELIVERY
SYSTEM
Presented by:-
Divya.S
1st sem M.pharm
Dept. of Pharmaceutics
SSCP,Tumkur
Presented to:-
Dr.K.Manjunath
HOD & Professor
Dept. of Pharmaceutics
SSCP,Tumkur
CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Principle of mucoadhesion
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Mechanism of mucoadhesion
 Buccal DDS
INTRODUCTION
 Bioadhesion
Bioadhesion may be defined as the
state in which two materials, at least one
of which is biological in nature, are held
together for extended periods of time by
interfacial forces.
 Mucoadhesion
In the pharmaceutical sciences, when
the Adhesive attachment is to mucus or
a mucous membrane, the phenomenon
is referred to as mucoadhesion.
PRINCIPLE/THEORIES OF
MUCOADHESION
Depending upon the route of administration
of the mucoadhesive drugs are of different
types. They are:-
1) Buccal DDS
2) Sublingual DDS
3) vaginal DDS
4) Rectal DDS
5) Nasal DDS
6) Gastro intestinal DDS
PRINCIPLE/THEORIES OF
MUCOADHESION
ELECTRONIC THEORY
 Electronic theory is based on the premise
that both mucoadhesive and biological
materials possess opposing electrical
charges.
 Thus, when both materials come into contact,
they transfer electrons leading to the
building of a double electronic layer at the
interface, where the attractive forces within
this electronic double layer determines the
mucoadhesive strength.
ADSORPTION THEORY
 According to the adsorption theory, the
mucoadhesive device adheres to the
mucus by secondary chemical
interactions, such as in Van der Waals
and hydrogen bonds, electrostatic
attraction or hydrophobic
interactions.
 For example, hydrogen bonds are the
prevalent interfacial forces in polymers
containing carboxyl groups.
WETTING THEORY
 The wetting theory applies to liquid
systems which presents the affinity to
the surface in order to spread over it.
This affinity can be found by using
measuring techniques such as the
contact angle. The general rule states
that contact angle the affinity. The
contact angle should be equal or close
to zero to provide adequate
spreadability
DIFFUSION INTERLOCKING THEORY
 Diffusion theory describes the interpenetration of both polymer
and mucin chains to a sufficient depth to create a semi-
permanent adhesive bond. It is believed that the adhesion force
increases with the degree of penetration of the polymer chains.
 The penetration rate depends on the diffusion coefficient,
flexibility and nature of the mucoadhesive chains, mobility and
contact time. According to the literature, the depth of
interpenetration required to produce an efficient bioadhesive
bond lies in the range 0.2-0.5 μm
FRACTURE THEORY
The “fracture theory” relates the force for
polymer detachment from the mucus to
the strength of their adhesive bond.
The fracture is found to be greater when
the polymer network strands are longer
or the degree of cross-linking within the
system is reduced
 MECHANISM OF
MUCOADHESION
 Contact stage : Wetting and swelling of
polymer to permit intimate contact with
biological tissue

 Consolidation stage : Inter-penetration of

bioadhesive polymer(BP) chains and
entanglement of polymer and mucin
chains.
.
 Mucoadhesion stage : Formation of
chemical bonds between the
entangled chains.
MECHANISM OF DRUG
PENITRATION

Two routes involved in drug permeation-

1) Transcellular route(preferred by lipophilic
drugs)
2) Para cellular route(preferred by hydrophilic
drugs)
ADVANTAGES OF MDDS
 Targeting & localization of the dosage
form at a specific site.
 High drug flux at the absorbing tissue.
 Excellent accessibility.
 Painless administration.
 Low enzymatic activity & avoid of first
pass metabolism.
DISADVANTAGES OF
MDDS
 If MDDS are adhere too tightly it exert too
much force to remove the formulation after
use, otherwise the mucosa could be injured.
 Medications administered orally do not enter
the blood stream.
 Lack of standardized techniques often lead to
unclear results.
 Costly drug delivery system
 Some patient suffers unpleasant feeling.
 Prolongation of residence time.
 Ulcer causing drugs may precipitate
ulcerogenic effect due to increase in
residence time.
BDDS:-
 Delivery of drug through buccal
mucosa of oral cavity is called BDDS.
 The buccal mucosa lines the inner
cheek and buccal formulation are placed
in mouth between the upper gums and
cheek to treat local and systemic
conditions.
 Bucccal route of drug delivery is a good
alternative, amongst the various routes of
drug delivery. Oral route is perhaps the
most preferred for the patients
Drug delivery via the membranes of oral cavity can
be sub divided as follows:

1)Sublingual delivery:
It is the administration of the drug via the
sublingual mucosa (the membrane of the ventral
surface of the tongue and the floor of the mouth)
to the systemic circulation.

2)Buccal delivery:
It is the administration of drug via the buccal mucosa (the
lining of the cheek) to the systemic circulation.

3)Local delivery:
For the treatment of conditions of the oral cavity, principally
aphthous ulcers , fungal conditions, and periodontal
disease.
 TYPES OF BUCCAL DRUG
DELIVERY SYSTEMS

Buccal drug delivery

systems

Buccal tablets
Buccal patch /
(a) Moulded tablets Buccal adhesive tablets
Buccal gels
(b) Compressed tablets
 BDDS
 Advantages  Disadvantages
 Ease of administration  Drugs which irritate the
mucosa or have a bitter or
 Termination of therapy is easy. unpleasant taste or an
abnoxious odour can not
be administered by this route
 Permits localization of the drug
to the oral cavity for a
prolonged period of time.  Drugs which are unstable at
buccal pH can not be
 Can be administered to administered by this route.
unconscious patients.A
significant reduction in dose
can be achieved there by
 Only drugs with a small
reducing dose dependent dose requirement can be
administered.
 Drug which show poor
bioavailability via the oral  Eating and drinking may
route can be administered
become restricted
conveniently
QUESTION BANK:-
 Describe various principles of
mucoadhesion advantages and
disadvantages of buccal DDS(nov-2024)
 Mechanism of drug permiation in buccal
route(july-2022)
REFERENCES:-
 Control & novel drug delivery
systems by N.K.JAIN
 https://www.slideshare.net/
slideshow/mucosal-drug-delivery-
system-238927772/238927772
 https://remixeducation.in/m-pharm-
sem-1-study-material/