rage Based Practice

dv Inspire- Biology
Term 2- 2024-25
Kareem is completing a project about drug addiction as part of his requirements to
be a scout. Part of the project involves learning about the neurons that make up the
Specialized cells that help you gather
human nervous system. Which does Kareem learn about neurons?
information about your environment,
interpret the information, and react
A. Specialized nerves, called neurons, relay pleasure and pain sensations.
to it are called…………………………
B. Specialized cells, called neurons, receive and transmit impulses.
C. Neurons are cells that look like most other cells of the body.
D. Neurons are tissues in the body that carry electrical messages
In the illustration below, what is the structure labeled B?

A dendrite
B axon
C nucleus
D cell body

Which structure in the illustration above receives impulses?

AA
BB
CC
DD
 Which is the correct path that a nerve impulse will follow
in a reflex arc?

Which is the correct path that a nerve impulse will A. Sensory neuron → interneuron → motor neuron
follow in a neuron? B. Motor neuron → sensory neuron → interneuron
C. Interneuron → motor neuron → sensory neuron
D. Motor neuron → interneuron → sensory neuron
The diagram below represents an illustration of
neural cells, in which part would you expect to find
the nucleus and many of the cell organelles?
Which of the following letters Which of the following letters
A. 1
represents the axon in the below receive signals in the below
B. 2
picture? picture?
C. 3
D. 4
A. A A. A
B. B B. B
C. C C. C
D. D D. D A(n)………………… carries nerve impulses from the
cell body to other neurons and muscles.
• Electrical charge (signal) that travels
along the neuron

• A nerve impulse results from a

stimulus(touch/smell/sound)

• A nerve impulse is also known as an

action potential.
• The minimum stimulus to cause an
action potential to be produced is called
a threshold.
•• Sodium
When a ions are rapidly
stimulus reachespumped
the threshold,
through these channels, causing a
channels open in the plasma membrane.
temporary change in the electrical
charges.
• More positive charges are now inside
the membrane.
• The now positive charge inside the
• The potassium restores the positive
membrane causes other channels to
charge outside the cell.
open, and the potassium is quickly
• This rapid
pumped positive
out of the to negative to
cell.
positive charge reversal moves along
 Speed of an Action Potential
• Nodes along the axon allow Myelinated neuron Unmyelinated neuron
ions to pass through the Have myelin sheath Doesn’t have myelin sheath
myelin layer to the plasma
membrane. Fast action potential (more Slow action potential (less
speed) speed)
• The ions jump from node to
node and increase the speed Associated sharp pain Associated with dull pain
of the impulse.
 What is the importance of the Myelin Sheath in sensing
In which do impulses move
different kinds of pain?
fastest?

A neurons that carry dull pain

B myelinated neurons
C nonmyelinated neurons
A. It increases the speed of nerve impulses
D all neurons
B. It decreases the speed of nerve impulses
What happens when an action potential is produced C. It prevents all nerve impulses
with a signal that is stronger than threshold? D. It prevents nerve impulses from jumping between
nodes
A. weaker action potential generated
B. action potential has same strength as threshold Why is myelin important in sensing
C. no action potential generated What are the gaps on different kinds of pain?
D. stronger action potential generated the myelin sheath
called? A. Decreases speed of nerve
Which of the following is another name for a nerve impulse? impulses
A. cell bodies B. Prevents all nerve impulses.
A. node B. axons C. Prevents nerve impulses from
B. action potential C. thresholds jumping between nodes
C. threshold D. nodes D. Increases speed of nerve
D. reflex arc impulses
 The minimum stimulus to cause an action potential to be produced is a……………………

Which is the result of the actions of the sodium-

potassium pump?

A. positive charge inside a neuron

B. no charge outside the neuron
C. negative charge inside a neuron
D. no charge inside the neuron Predict what will happen as an impulse travels along the axon in the
diagram below.
The figure below represents the four stages of the
action potential. Which of the following represents A More potassium will be pumped into the cell.
the correct sequence path of an action potential? B More sodium will be pumped into the cell.
C Potassium will be pumped out of the cell.
1,2,3,4 D Sodium will be pumped out of the cell.
4,3,2,1
4,3,1,2
4,1,2,3
 The gap between a sensory neuron and an
interneuron is called a(n)……………………..

What would be the effect of a malfunctioning neurotransmitter?

A. The nerve impulse would be able to

move through the brain only
B. The nerve impulse would be able to move
through the spinal cord only How do impulses move at a synapse?
C. An impulse could not move along the axon
of a neuron A by an electrical charge
D. An impulse could not cross the gap B by a chemical neurotransmitter
between neurons C by touching the next neuron
D by osmosis

Which of the following descriptions is correct regarding synapses?

A. action potential causes dendrite release

B. action potential causes neurotransmitter release
C. synapse travels through a neurotransmitter
D. muscle contraction produces neurotransmitters
Cerebrum- carries out thought processes involved with learning,
memory, language, speech, voluntary body movements, and
sensory perception.

The cerebellum controls balance, posture, and coordination.

The medulla oblongata relays signals between the brain and the
spinal cord. It also helps control breathing rate, heart rate, and
blood pressure.

The pons relay signals between the cerebrum and the cerebellum
and help control the rate of breathing.

The hypothalamus regulates body temperature, thirst, appetite,

and water balance. It also partially regulates blood pressure,
sleep, aggression, fear, and sexual behavior.
The human cerebrum is disproportionately
large compared to the cerebrum of other Which letter of the following refers
animals. What advantage does this give to to the Cerebellum in the image
humans? below?

A. Increased ability to learn A. A

B. The heart works more efficiently B. B
C. Greater breathing rate C. C
D. Increase human lifespan D. D
What is the cause of loss of balance and decreased coordination of
muscles for a person with brain cancer?

A. Because the cancer has damaged hypothalamus

B. Because the cancer has damaged pons
C. Because the cancer has damaged cerebellum
D. Because the cancer has damaged pons and hypothalamus
 The……………………. regulates body temperature, thirst, appetite, and water balance.
The spinal cord is part of
In the below picture, which letter of the following refers to a major division of the
the structure that helps to control the rate of breathing? nervous system called
the nervous system
A. A
B. B A. somatic
C. C B. central
D. D C. autonomic
D. peripheral
Which letter of the following refers to the spinal cord?

A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D

What is the large brain structure just below the skull? Which number of the following refers to the brain part that
controls body balance?
A. pons A. 1
B. medulla oblongata B. 5
C. hypothalamus C. 6
D. cerebrum D. 7
 The PNS includes all neurons that are not part of the central
nervous system.
 It includes sensory and motor neurons.
 Nerves in the somatic nervous system relay information from
external sensory receptors to the CNS, and somatic motor
nerves relay information from the CNS to skeletal muscles.
 Voluntary movements and reflexes are a part of the somatic
nervous system.
 The autonomic nervous system carries impulses from the
central nervous system to the heart and other internal organs.
 The body responds involuntarily, not under conscious control.
 There are two branches of the autonomic nervous system
 The sympathetic nervous system is most active in times of
emergency or stress when the heart rate and breathing rate
increase.
 The parasympathetic nervous system is most active when the
body is relaxed.
The __ nervous system carries impulses from the
central nervous system to the heart and other organs.

A. autonomic
B. cerebral
C. somatic
D. muscular

Which directly controls a person’s decision to use the bicep

muscles to lift a barbell?

A. parasympathetic nervous system

B. somatic nervous system
C. central nervous system
D. autonomic nervous system

Which is caused by the sympathetic nervous system?

A. contracted bronchial muscle

B. slowed heart rate
C. dilated pupil
D. increased intestinal secretions
The figure below shows a mind map of the nervous system; each division of the nervous
system takes part in the control of the body and the communication within the body.
Which part of the nervous system does the letter (D) refer to? (A) refers to

A. Central nervous system A. Central nervous system

B. Autonomic nervous system B. Autonomic nervous system
C. Somatic nervous system C. Somatic nervous system
D. Sympathetic nervous system D. Sympathetic nervous system

What would be the hypothetical result if a person lacks the motor neurons?

A. Would be unable to breath

B. Would be unable to feel a deep cut
C. Would be unable to feel a hot plate
D. Would be unable to catch his pen
What would be the hypothetical result if a person lacks the motor neurons?

A. He would not be able to breath

B. He would not be able to swing the hammer
C. He would not be able to feel a deep cut
D. He would not be able to feel a hot plate
What is true about reflexes?

A They travel to the brain on sensory neurons.

B They travel to the brain on motor neurons.
C They are controlled voluntarily.
D They are processed in the spinal cord and
not in the brain.
 Cornea: A transparent layer of Vitreous Humor: it is a colorless,
cells through which light enters. gelatinlike liquid between the lens
It helps to focus the light. and the retina

Pupil: it is an opening through Retina- it is the innermost layer of the

which light focused. The size of eye which contains numerous
the pupil can be regulated by receptor cells called rods and cones
muscles in the iris.

Iris: It is the colored part of eye

Optic nerve: it carries action
potential from the receptors of
retina to the brain.
Lens: seen behind the iris which
inverts image and projects into
retina
The brain interprets the specific combination of signals
received from the retina and forms a visual image.
 Roda and cones of Retina
 Rods are light-sensitive cells that are excited
by low levels of light. (dim-light vision)

 Cones function in bright light and provide

information about color to the brain.(color
vision)
 The part behind the iris that inverts an image and focuses it on the retina is called a
……………………………

Which of the following letters What structure can change the diameter
Which structure in the illustration
represent the lens in the below of the pupil in response to light energy?
below inverts an image and focuses it
picture?
on the retina?
A iris
A. A B lens
AA
B. B C rods and cones
BB
C. C D cornea
CC
D. D
DD

Which of the following letters represents

the Retina in the picture below?

A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Which part of the eye provide Which of the following letters represent
information about color to the brain? colored part of the eye? Which of the following letters
represents the Iris in the eye
A. Iris A. A diagram below?
B. Rods B. B
C. Pupil C. C A. a
D. Cones D. D B. b
C. c
D. d
Which of the following letters represent
colorless, gelatinous fluid between lens
and retina? Which of the following are sensory
receptors found in the human eye?
A. A
B. B A. Cornea
C. C B. Rods
D. D C. Iris
D. Pupil
 Which part of the ear receives vibrations from the eardrum?

A. Semi-circular canals
B. Cochlea
Which of the following numbers represents the
C. Middle ear or malleus
Semicircular Canal in the picture below?
D. Oval window
A. A
Which of the following numbers represent the cochlea in the
B. B
below picture?
C. C
D. D
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Fluid found in which structure of
the inner ear stimulates hair cells in
In the inner ear, a snail-shaped structure Which part of the ear transmit
response to sound?
called the __ is filled with fluid and lined information about body position
with tiny hair cells. and balance to the brain?
A semicircular canals
B cochlea
A. cochlea A. Semi-circular canals
C oval window
B. retina B. Cochlea
D ear canal
C. semicircular canals C. Middle ear
D. taste buds D. Oval window
 The…………………………. is part of the inner ear.

Which of the following senses is stimulated by waves?

A. Taste
B. Smell Which of the following letters represents the cochlea in the
C. Hearing ear diagram below?
D. Touch
A. a
B. b
C. c
D. d
Many types of receptors are found in the skin. A
person can tell if an object is hot or cold, sharp, or
smooth. In the figure below, which of the following
letters refers to the receptor that detects cold?

A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D

Many types of receptors are found in the skin. A

person can tell if an object is hot or cold, sharp, or
smooth. In the figure below, which of the following
letters refers to the receptor that detects heat?

E. A
F. B
G. C
H. D
Drug abuse does not necessarily involve the use of illegal drugs.
Any use of a drug for reasons other than legitimate medical
purposes, whether deliberate or unintentional, can be considered
abuse of that drug.

Simply drug abuse means – the use of a drug in amounts or by

methods that are harmful to the individual or others
They mainly divided into two groups- Stimulants and Depressants

• Many drugs that affect

the nervous system
influence the level of a
neurotransmitter called
dopamine.
• Normally, dopamine is
removed from a
synapse by being
reabsorbed by the
neuron that released it.
Depressants
 Chemical fumes that influence the nervous system are called……………..

Alcohol is an example of a……………………………

A __ is a substance, natural or artificial, that alters the function

of the body. __ is a neurotransmitter found in the brain that is
involved with the control of body movements and other
functions.

A. dopamine; drug
B. drug; dopamine
C. drug; stimulant
D. drug; depressant
Which of the following is not a
nervous stimulant?
Which is an immediate effect of nicotine?
A. Coffee
B. Chocolate A. impaired judgment
C. Tea B. increased adrenaline levels
D. Sugar C. constricted blood vessels
D. increased alertness
 Functions of excretory system
All functions of this system is to maintain the homeostasis, which include….

 It removes the wastes, toxins and carbon dioxide which are the byproducts of
body metabolic reactions

 It regulate the amount of fluid and salts in the body

 It maintain the pH of the blood

 Which of the following are the main functions of the excretory
system? Select all that apply.

to maintain the pH of the blood

to transport carbon dioxide to body cells
to remove wastes from the body
to release energy from food as ATP molecules
to maintain the correct amount of nutrients
to maintain homeostasis
to regulate the amount of fluid and salts in the body

How do the kidneys help maintain normal blood

(pH)?

A. By absorbing white blood cells The kidneys help maintain homeostasis of the body by………..
B. By absorbing red blood cells .
C. By excreting dopamine into renal tubules A. adjusting the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in tissues.
D. By excreting hydrogen into renal tubules B. absorbing excess calcium from blood and bone marrow.
C. excreting ammonia into the body to decrease acid levels.
D. maintaining a narrow temperature range for body systems.
 Which makes up the body’s Which of the following is part of the
excretory system? excretory system?

A lungs A. Esophagus
B skin B. Heart
C kidneys C. Lungs
D All are part of the excretory D. Stomach
system.

Which of the following refers to a component of

the excretory system?

Which is the function of the excretory system?

A. Release energy from food as ATP molecules

B. Transport carbon dioxide to body cells
C. Maintain the correct amount of nutrients
D. Remove carbon dioxide, salts, and water
 What primary function do these structures have?

filters waste and water from body

enables external respiration
allows water from air to be absorbed in body
produces blood cells

Which of the following letters Which of the following letters represents

represents the ureter in the the renal medulla in the kidney diagram
below picture? below?
A. A
B. B A. a
Which of the following letters C. C B. b
represents the Renal Cortex in the D. D C. c
picture below? D. d

What are the functional units in the kidneys?

A. A
B. B A. Alveoli
C. C B. Renal pelvis
D. D C. Diaphragms
D. Nephrons
 A nitrogenous waste product resulting from kidney filtration is called……………..

Where do you find the Bowmans Capsule?

If you know that the volume of blood that passes through the
A. Nephrons
kidneys is 180 liters and the volume of the formulated urine is 1.5
B. Alveoli
liters, what percent of the material passing through the kidneys is
C. Renal pelvis
filtered as urine?
D. Diaphragms
0.533%
The mineral/potassium is placed back into the
0.633%
bloodstream by the kidneys through a process
0.733%
called
0.833%
A. Filtration The figure below shows the structure of the nephron, study it and
B. Excretion answer the question:
C. Coupled transport Which letter refers to the loop of Henle?
D. Reabsorption A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
 In which of the following organs
do you find the glomerulus?

A. Skin
Once blood is brought to the kidneys, B. Brain
through which structure is it filtered? C. Kidney
D. Pancreas
A loop of Henle
B collecting tubule
C renal vein
D Bowman’s capsule

Into which structure are most of the

water and nutrients reabsorbed after
urine has been formed?

A convoluted tubule
B Bowman’s capsule
C glomerulus
D collecting tubule
 Which of the following is a structural
classification of hormones?

What is characteristic of steroid hormones such as estrogen? A. Proteins and other nucleic acids
B. Steroid and amino acid
A. They bind to starches. C. Nucleic acids and amino acids
B. They cause target cells to start protein synthesis. D. Steroid and other carbohydrates
C. They bind to a receptor in the plasma membrane to get into
cells. What happens after the steroid hormone and its receptor
D. They are target cells. bind to the DNA?

Which of the following represents the structural A. The cell is destroyed.

classification of the Growth Hormone? B. The plasma membrane is destroyed.
C. Genes are activated.
A. Nucleic acids D. The nucleus prevents gene activation.
B. Steroid
C. Amino acids When do amino acid hormones bind to their receptor?
D. Carbohydrates
A. after enzymes are activated
How do steroid hormones function? B. after the target cell responds
A. prevent binding to DNA C. after diffusing through the membrane
B. strengthen the plasma membrane D. before entering the plasma membrane
C. activate protein synthesis
D. prevent protein synthesis
What is the structural classification of testosterone
hormone?

A. Nucleic acids
B. Steroid
C. Amino acids
D. Carbohydrates

A __ is a substance that targets specific cells to

produce a response.

A. hormone
B. gradient
C. mineral
D. gland
Which of the following glands secretes
hormones that regulate many body
functions and is located at the base of the
brain?

A. Thyroid
B. Adrenal
C. Parathyroid
D. Pituitary
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT)
regulate the level of calcium in the blood.
The figure below explains how negative feedback is important in maintaining
homeostasis, Which of the following letters represents the parathyroid gland?

A. a
B. b
C. c
D. D
Diabetes is a disease that results from the body not producing
enough insulin or not properly. using insulin.
 Type 1 diabetes, which usually appears in people by the age of
20, occurs when the body cannot produce insulin.
 Type 2 diabetes occurs in 70-80 percent of people diagnosed with
diabetes, and usually occurs after the age of 40. It results from
the cells of the body becoming insensitive to insulin.
 In both types of diabetes, the blood glucose levels must be
monitored and maintained to prevent complications from the
disease.
 Which description explains what is occurring
in the diagram between blood glucose levels
and pancreatic activity?

A It is a feedback mechanism that maintains homeostasis.

B It is an immune system responding to prevent disease.
C It describes the digestion of sugar.
D It is the hormonal regulation of egg production.

__ signals body cells to accelerate the

Which of the following hormone is Which of the following hormones is
conversion of glucose to glycogen,
released from the pancreas when blood released from the Pancreas when
which is stored in the liver
glucose is high? blood glucose is low?
A. Aldosterone
A. Calcitonin A. Calcitonin
B. Calcitonin
B. Glucagon B. Glucagon
C. Glucagon
C. Aldosterone C. Aldosterone
D. Insulin
D. Insulin D. Insulin
Which is a result of
secretion of adrenaline?

A increased cell activity

B onset of lethargy
C decreased heart rate
D decreased blood
glucose
• The hypothalamus Regulation of water by ADH:
produces two
hormones, oxytocin and Less water in blood- hypothalamus
antidiuretic hormone. release ADH- signal the kidneys to
• These hormones reabsorb more water- decrease amount
transported through of water in urine- increase water level in
axons and stored at blood. (summer)
axon endings located at
pituitary gland. More water in blood- hypothalamus
decreases the release of ADH- dilute
• The antidiuretic urine (more water in urine)- decrease
hormone (ADH) amount of water in blood. (winter)
functions in
homeostasis by ADH production is stimulated by nausea
regulating water and vomiting (dehydration).
balance. Blood loss of 15-20% by hemorrhage in
the release of ADH.
 Which of the following conditions will increase ADH
production?
In the case of dehydration, the antidiuretic
hormone binds to kidney cells receptors A. Major blood loss
causing... B. Vomiting or nausea
C. Dehydration
The kidney to reabsorb more water and decrease D. All of the above
the amount of water in the urine
The kidney to reabsorb more. water and increase
the amount of water in the urine
The kidney to excrete more water and decrease
the amount of water in the urine
The kidney to excrete more water and increase
the amount of water in the urine
Which structure would be most active if you
were in a hot, dry desert without water?

A medulla oblongata
B pons
C cerebrum
D hypothalamus
 Which of the following letters
represents the Adrenal gland in the
below picture?
A hormone that raises blood
glucose levels and reduces
inflammation is A. A
B. B
A. Cortisol C. C
B. Antidiuretic hormone D. D
C. Thyroxine
D. Aldosterone
Which of the following letters
Which of the following letters
represents a part responsible for
represents the Adrenal gland in the
maintaining homeostasis by serving as a
below picture?
link between the nervous system and
the endocrine system?
A. A
A. A
B. B
B. B
C. C
C. C
D. D
D. D