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The document provides an overview of computer memory, detailing its importance and types, which include primary (volatile) and secondary (non-volatile) memory. Primary memory consists of RAM and cache memory, while secondary memory includes hard disk drives, solid-state drives, optical drives, and flash memory. Each type of memory serves specific functions in data storage and processing, impacting the overall performance of computer systems.

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25 views14 pages

Ict

The document provides an overview of computer memory, detailing its importance and types, which include primary (volatile) and secondary (non-volatile) memory. Primary memory consists of RAM and cache memory, while secondary memory includes hard disk drives, solid-state drives, optical drives, and flash memory. Each type of memory serves specific functions in data storage and processing, impacting the overall performance of computer systems.

Uploaded by

mehmoodulhaq2346
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TOPIC: Computer Memory

Presented to: Mam Usma Bibi


Presented By: Tayyaba Bibi
Roll No: BUSB545252S045
Semester : BS (1st)
University of Sargodha
DEFINITION

• Computer memory plays a crucial role in the


functioning of a computer system. It consists
of several hardware components that work
together to store data, instructions, and
program code, enabling the processor to
access them quickly or persistently
Types of Memory

• .1 Primary Memory (Volatile Memory)


• Primary memory refers to memory that is directly
accessed by the processor and is used for
temporary storage of data and instructions that are
actively being used. This memory is volatile,
meaning it loses all stored data when the
computer is powered off.
Types of primary memory

• RAM (Random Access Memory):


• Function: RAM is used to store data that is actively being processed
by the CPU. It allows quick read and write access to data, which is
critical for the processor to perform tasks efficiently.
• Types of RAM:
– Dynamic RAM (DRAM): DRAM is the most common type of RAM. It
needs to be constantly refreshed to retain data, and it is slower than
SRAM.
– Static RAM (SRAM): Faster and more expensive than DRAM, SRAM does
not need refreshing, making it ideal for use in cache memory.
• Example: A computer may have 8GB of RAM, which allows you to
run multiple programs simultaneously. When you open a program
like Microsoft Word, it gets loaded into RAM for faster processing.
Cache Memory

• Function: Cache memory is a small, high-speed


memory located closer to the CPU. It stores
frequently accessed data or instructions to improve
processing speed. There are typically multiple levels
of cache (L1, L2, L3) depending on their proximity to
the CPU cores.
• Example: When you're browsing the web, your
browser stores some frequently accessed elements
(like images or webpages) in cache to reduce
loading times on subsequent visits to the same site.
2. Secondary Memory (Non-Volatile
Memory)
• Secondary memory is used for long-term,
persistent storage of data and programs.
Unlike primary memory, secondary memory is
non-volatile, meaning it retains data even
when the computer is powered off. It typically
offers higher storage capacity but slower data
access speeds
Hard Disk Drive (HDD):
• Function: HDDs are traditional storage devices
that use magnetic disks to store data. They are
slower than solid-state drives but offer higher
storage capacities at a lower cost.
• Example: A typical desktop computer might
have a 1TB HDD where the operating system,
applications, and personal files (e.g.,
documents, photos) are stored
Solid-State Drive (SSD):
• Function: SSDs use flash memory to store
data, making them much faster than HDDs.
They have no moving parts, which results in
faster data access, lower power consumption,
and greater durability.
• Example: A laptop may have a 512GB SSD,
which improves boot-up time, application load
times, and overall system responsiveness
compared to an HDD.
Optical Drives (CD/DVD/Blu-ray):
• Function: Optical drives are used to read and
write data to optical discs. Although they're
not as commonly used for everyday storage
anymore, they were once popular for
distributing software and media.
• Example: A DVD drive that allows you to
watch movies stored on DVDs.
Flash Memory
• Function: Flash memory provides portable,
fast, non-volatile storage. It's used in devices
like USB flash drives, memory cards, and
portable SSDs.
• Example: You might store your photos on a
64GB SD card in a camera or use a 32GB USB
flash drive to transfer files between
computers.

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