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Rates of Reaction

The document discusses the factors affecting the rate of chemical reactions, including temperature, surface area, concentration, catalysts, chemical nature of reactants, and state of the reactants. It explains that the rate of reaction can be measured through various changes and introduces the Collision Theory, which emphasizes the importance of effective collisions in determining reaction rates. Additionally, it details how each factor influences the frequency and effectiveness of collisions, ultimately impacting the reaction speed.

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9 views

Rates of Reaction

The document discusses the factors affecting the rate of chemical reactions, including temperature, surface area, concentration, catalysts, chemical nature of reactants, and state of the reactants. It explains that the rate of reaction can be measured through various changes and introduces the Collision Theory, which emphasizes the importance of effective collisions in determining reaction rates. Additionally, it details how each factor influences the frequency and effectiveness of collisions, ultimately impacting the reaction speed.

Uploaded by

eva.rea81
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RATES OF REACTION

Rates of Reaction
The factors that will affect
the rate of a reaction are:
1) Temperature
2) Surface Area
3) Concentration
4) Catalyst
5) Chemical Nature of
Reactants
6) State of the Reactants
Rates of Reaction
The rate of a chemical reaction is the
speed at which the reaction occurs (i.e.
speed at which the reactants are used or
products are produced).
Rate can be measured by the:
1) change in mass of reactants or
products.
2) change in pH
3) change in conductivity (ion
production)
4) change in colour (intensity of colour)
5) change in temperature
6) production of a gas
Collision Theory
The KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
may be used to explain how the
various factors will affect the rate of a
chemical reaction.
As the particles in the reactants move
around, they collide with each other.
Most collisions do not result in
anything but a few will cause the
bonds in the existing molecules to
break apart and new bonds will form
to make new molecules.
Collision Theory
Collisions that result in the formation of
products are called EFFECTIVE
COLLISIONS.
The idea of effective collisions is called the
COLLISION MODEL and states that the
rate of a reaction is affected by the number
of effective collisions between reactant
molecules.
According to the Collision Model, the rate of
a reaction may be increased by increasing
the number of total collisions or by
increasing the number of effective collisions
by decreasing the activation energy.
The Factors Affecting Rate of Reaction
and the Collision Theory

1) Concentration (Pressure of
Gases)
The greater the number of particles
the greater the number of total
collisions. Since the total number of
collisions has increased the number of
effective will also increase therefore
the rate of the reaction will increase.
NOTE: As a reaction proceeds, it
tends to slow down.
The Factors Affecting Rate of Reaction
and the Collision Theory

2) Surface Area (Size of


Solid Particles)
If the size of a solid particle
is decreased, there will be
more surface area available
for collisions to occur.
The Factors Affecting Rate of Reaction
and the Collision Theory

3) Temperature of Reactants
The temperature of a substance is
a measure of the average kinetic
energy of the particles. The
higher the temperature, the faster
the particles are moving which will
increase the chance for collisions.
4) State or Phase of the Reactants
Reactions where all reactants are in the
same state (homogeneous reactions) will
occur at a faster rate than reactions where
reactants are in different states
(heterogeneous). This is because the
reactants will have a greater opportunity of
colliding. The state of the reactants will also
affect the rate. The relative rates are:
Gases  fastest
Liquids/ Solutions  fast
Solids  slow
Note: Stirring increases the rate of reaction
5) Nature of Reactants
The type of reactants will determine
the activation energy needed to break
bonds and form the intermediate state
called the ACTIVATED COMPLEX.
The higher the activation energy, the
slower the rate of reaction.
Endothermic reactions are much slower
than exothermic reactions because
they tend to have higher activation
energies.
6) Presence of a Catalyst
A catalyst works by providing an
alternative pathway for the
reaction which has a lower
activation energy. Lowering the
activation energy will only
increase the number of effective
collisions. The number of total
collisions will not be affected.

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