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Poynting_vector_Presentation_by_Omar

The presentation covers the concept of the Poynting vector, which describes the energy flow in electromagnetic waves, and details Poynting's theorem relating to energy transfer between electric and magnetic fields. It includes mathematical formulations for the Poynting vector in various media, such as uniform plane waves, dielectric mediums, and good conductors. The presentation is part of a course on Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems, submitted to Dr. Md. Ashadun Nabi by a group of students.

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20 views

Poynting_vector_Presentation_by_Omar

The presentation covers the concept of the Poynting vector, which describes the energy flow in electromagnetic waves, and details Poynting's theorem relating to energy transfer between electric and magnetic fields. It includes mathematical formulations for the Poynting vector in various media, such as uniform plane waves, dielectric mediums, and good conductors. The presentation is part of a course on Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems, submitted to Dr. Md. Ashadun Nabi by a group of students.

Uploaded by

antune
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

Welcome

TO OUR
PRESENTATION
PRESENTATION ON:
Energy Flow in an Electromagnetic Wave

Course Code: CSTE 3111


Course Title: Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems.

Submitted To:

Dr. Md. Ashadun Nabi


Associate Professor
Department of CSTE,NSTU
Presented By:

 Masudul Haque Omar (ASH 1301035M)

 Bebe Asma (BKH 1301049F)

 Shakia Sultana (BKH 1301052F)

 Tanzila Akhter (BKH 1301013F)


Topics in Detail

 What is Poynting Vector.

 Poynting’s Theorem (P = E * H).

 Average Poynting Vector.

 Poynting Vector in Uniform Plane Wave.

 Poynting Vector in Dielectric Medium.

 Poynting Vector in Good Conductor.


Poynting Vector
Poynting vector is a quantity describing the magnitude and direction of
the flow of energy in electromagnetic waves. It is named after English
physicist John Henry Poynting, who introduced it in 1884.

P=E×H
= (1/μ)E × B [B = μH]

Where,
P = Poynting vector.
E = Amplitude of the electric field.
H = Amplitude of the magnetic field.
B = Magnetic flux density.
μ = Permeability of the medium through which the
radiation passes .

Applying the definition of cross product and the knowledge that the
electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular
Poynting Vector (Cont.)

Figure: Dipole radiation of a dipole vertically in the page showing electric


field strength (colour) and Poynting vector (arrows) in the plane of the
page.
Poynting Theorem
As electromagnetic waves propagate through space from their sourse to distant receiving
points, there is a transfer of energy from the sourse to the receivers. There exists a simple
and direct relation between the rate of this energy transfer and the amplitudes of electric
and magnetic field strengths of the eletromagnetic waves.

Form Maxwell’s equations (3rd & 4th eqn) we know,

▼×E = - ∂B / ∂t.
= - μ (∂H / ∂t). [B = μH]
▼×H = J + (∂D / ∂t) [D is the electric displacement
field]
= J + є(∂E / ∂t) [D = єE]

Now, for any vectors we know,

▼(E ×H) = H(▼×E) - E(▼×H) = H{- μ (∂H / ∂t)} – E{J


+ є(∂E / ∂t)}
Poynting Theorem (Cont.)
Now we can write,

∂(H.H) / ∂t = H.(∂H / ∂t) + H.(∂H / ∂t) [for any vector, ∂(X.Y)/∂t = X.(∂Y/∂t) + Y.
(∂X/∂t)]
∂(H.H) / ∂t = 2H.(∂H / ∂t)
H.(∂H / ∂t) = ½ . ∂(H2) / ∂t

Similarly,

∂(E.E) / ∂t = E.(∂E / ∂t) + E.(∂E / ∂t)


∂(E.E) / ∂t = 2E.(∂E / ∂t)
E.(∂E/∂t) = ½ . ∂(E2) / ∂t
Poynting Theorem (Cont.)
So, ▼(E ×H) = - μ/2{∂(H2) / ∂t} – є/2{(E2)/∂t – E.J

Now, Integrating over a volume,

ʃ v ▼(E ×H) dv = - ʃ v μ/2{∂(H2) / ∂t}. dv – ʃ v є/2{(E2)/∂t .dv – ʃ v E.J


dv

ʃ v ▼(E ×H) dv = - ʃ v {(μH2)/2 + (єE2)/2)}.dv – ʃ E.J dv


v

[From divergens theorem we can write, ʃ v ▼(E ʃ


×H) dv = s ▼(E ×H)
da ]

So, ʃs ▼(E ×H) da = - ʃ {(μH )/2 + (єE )/2)}.dv


v
2 2
– ʃ E.J dv
v
Poynting Theorem (Cont.)

ʃs ▼(E ×H) da = - ʃ v {(μH2)/2 + (єE2)/2)}.dv – ʃ v E.J dv

Total stored energies (electric and


+
Total Power dissipated in volume V(charging
magnetic) in the volume V. With the the battary. With the negative sign it means
negative sign it represents the rate at the bettary generating the power
which the stored energy is decreasing

Rate of energy flow outword through the


surface, whicjh is the poynting vector,
P.

That means, P=E


×H
Average Poynting Vector
At any time t,

E(t) = Re {Eo ejwt . ejΦ}. ê


= Re {Eo e j(wt+Φ) }. ê
= Re [Eo {cos(wt+Φ) + jsin(wt+Φ)}] ê
= Eo.cos(wt+Φ) ê [Taking only real part]

H(t) = Re {Ho ejwt . ejΦ}. ĥ


= Re {Ho e j(wt+Φ) }. ĥ
= Re [Ho {cos(wt+Φ) + jsin(wt+Φ)}] ĥ
= Ho.cos(wt+Φ) ĥ [Taking only real part]
Average Poynting Vector(cont.)
So, P = [Eo.cos(wt+Φ) . Ho.cos(wt+Φ)]. ê* ĥ
= ½ .EoHo.[2cos(wt+Φ) . cos(wt+Φ)]. ê* ĥ
= ½ .EoHo. [cos(Φe - Φh) + cos(2wt+Φe+ Φh)].ê* ĥ
= ½ .EoHo.cos(Φe - Φh) .(ê* ĥ) + ½ .Eo Ho.cos(2wt+Φe+ Φh) .(ê* ĥ)

Average part Oscillating part

So, Pavg = ½ .EoHo .cos(Φe – Φh) . (ê* ĥ)


= ½ .EoHo.cos Φ [Φ = Φe – Φh ]
Poynting Vector in Uniform Plane Wave

If Φe – Φh = 0 then,

Pavg = ½ .Eo Ho .cos0


Pavg = ½ Eo Ho

This is the poynting vector in uniform plane wave.


Poynting Vector in Dielectric Medium.

We know,

Pavg = ½ .EoHo
= ½ .Eo2 / Ƞ [Eo/H0 = Ƞ => H0 = Eo/ Ƞ]
= ½ .Eo2 / root(μ /є) [for dielectric medium, Ƞ = root(μ /є)]
= ½ .Eo2. root(є / μ )

This is the poynting vector in dielectric medium.


Poynting Vector for Good Conductor

We know,

Pavg = ½ . EoHo
= ½ . Eo2 / Ƞ [Eo/H0 = Ƞ => H0 = Eo/ Ƞ]
= ½ . Eo2 / root(wμ /2a) [for good conductor, Ƞ ≈ root(wμ /2a)]
= ½ . Eo2. root(2a/wμ)

This is the poynting vector for good conductor.


Any Question

???
Thank You…

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