House Rules

1.) Cell-phones MUST NOT DISRUPT the sessions. It

can only be entertained during designated breaks.

2.) Time is of the essence. Be at your respective posts

at the start of every activity & observe break times.

3.) Spectators are not allowed. Accomplish each

assigned task diligently.

4.) Unrelated concerns are not welcomed. Leave your

personal worries behind.

5.) This is once in a lifetime event. So choose to

enjoy everything out of here.
 Essentials in Radio
Broadcasting:
Enhanced Approaches and
Strategies
 Training Objectives:
the end of the session the participants must be able t
1. Gain a holistic understanding on the
underlying elements involved in radio
broadcasting;
2. Identify the essential factors and
approaches affecting a high quality
broadcast material; and

3. Apply the learned elements, approaches and

strategies in broadcasting through a five (5)
minute production simulation
The General
Considerations of a Radio
Broadcast
he General Considerations of a Radio Broadcas

1.) The Target

Audience:
This refers to the “who is who” among the listeners
( either direct or indirect) whose attention may have
been caught because of the content of the program;
the approach to delivery of the program; the character
of the program; and among others who in turn may
show loyalty of following the program – which is
detrimental to the proverbial and coveted “ratings”
among the similarly formatted and slated programs of
the competitors.
Examples: students
households
housewives
he General Considerations of a Radio Broadcas

2.) The Objective of the

Program
This refers to the very purpose or intent why such a
program format is being conceived. Technically for a
news program, the objective is to be able to deliver a
credible, objective, and truthful account of the
circumstances encompassing a particular occurrence
that is worthy to be considered as a news material.

Usually though, the objective of the program is best

realized if such was able to create a certain degree of
stirring a controversy.
he General Considerations of a Radio Broadcas

3.) The Content of the

Program
Is entirely dependent on the very objective of the
program. What is always of paramount importance is to
hold a suspended interest from among the audience to
remain in-tuned up to the end of the segment and as
much as possible up to the next episode of the program.

The content of a news program for example can be

illustrated in the following manner:
he General Considerations of a Radio Broadcas

3.) The Content of the

Program N
a
t
i

A.) Inverted
o
n
a
l

Pyramid: F
i
g
u

In this manner the news content R

r
e

are being sequenced from the

e
g
i
o

most controversial to the least,

n
a
l
O
c

or, if the persona involved is c

u
r
r

what is being considered, it shall

e
n
c
e

observe from the most M

u
n

prominent to the lesser known.i

c
i
p
a
l
E
v
e
n
t
he General Considerations of a Radio Broadcas

3.) The Content of the

Program
B.) Hour Glass:
National Figure
In this manner the number of
news materials are high and that
they are so varied that the best
sequence could be an opening
Local Phenomenon
from the most controversial then
slowly shifting to the least
controversial, then shifting to a Tourist Attraction
lighter material then closing with
either a generally emotionally
appealing or action packed
article. Animal Feat
 Previous
State

he General Considerations of a Radio Broadcas

Present
State

3.) The Content of the

Program
C. Spandex Tube: Future
Intentions
In this manner the news material
is rather singular or focused. It is
just that the subject of
controversy is being covered
from several angles. More often,
this technique employs four
stages: highlighting the present
state; the review of the previous
state; the mention of related
issues; and the revelation of the
future intentions, all but are
closely entwined within the very
core of the present state.
he General Considerations of a Radio Broadcas

3.) The Content of the

Program
D. Ripple Force Format
Closely similar to the Spandex Tube
Format, the Ripple Force has also a
singular or focused material. Only that
from the point of impact of the event, the
subsequent materials are no longer
bounded to the previous, future or even
related facts but rather an exponential
and comprehensive coverage of vital
angles of the controversy. Always, the
points of emphasis are based on what
had happened within the day or present
time of news coverage.
he General Considerations of a Radio Broadcas

4.) The Approaches to

Delivery
Closely associated to the target audience, this
consideration is often what renders the format credible and
interesting among its recipients. The target audience
would definitely gather attention to the program if it finds
the delivery comprehensible, objective and intensive.

Less the use of technological advancement and other

gadgets, the approaches to delivery are basically
classified into:
he General Considerations of a Radio Broadcas

4.) The Approaches to

Delivery
A. Conventional Anchor-
Dominated Delivery:
Often considered as the “experts turf”,
this approach relies on the dominance
of the anchor (maybe one or 2) in
delivering the contents all through out
the program duration. All though the
dangers of committing blunders are
calculated in this manner, the
dominance of one person renders the
program flat if not monotonous.
he General Considerations of a Radio Broadcas

4.) The Approaches to

Delivery
B.) Anchor-Remote
Correspondent Delivery:
This approach employs a correspondent
to cover the contents of the news from
a remote location and relays the
scenario upon after a brief overview to
be given by the anchor. Usually linear in
nature, the correspondent is spared of
being asked further.
he General Considerations of a Radio Broadcas

4.) The Approaches to

Delivery
C. Inter-active Anchor-
Correspondent Delivery:
This approach deploys a number
of correspondents to cover the
various aspects and related
developments of the news from
respective locations and relay the
scenario upon after a brief
overview to be given by the
anchor. The inter-action occurs
when the anchor/s asked follow-up
questions pertaining to relevant
issues at hand.
The Basic Contents of a
Radio Broadcast
he Basic Contents of a Radio Broadcast:

I. Contents According to
Category

A.) Live Material : produced out-right at the time of

airing

B.) Canned Material : pre-produced or recorded material

he Basic Contents of a Radio Broadcast:

II. Contents According to Use:

A.) Voice Material: refers to the human voice in diverse
projections
B.) Music : usually it is the synthesizer of the production as
it sets the mood. The use of music must be
carefully considered and
appropriated.
C.) Sound Effects : add the thrilling dramatic effect and
creativity to the production format. Just like
music, the use of sound effects must be timely
and significantly.
D.) Spiel : refers to the uttered voice material
that is either spontaneous or scripted.
E.) Silence : appears to be a material sound effect that is
applied as a necessary demand of the
concept illustrated through the script, but
should not be used as an excuse to commit “dead
air”.
he Basic Contents of a Radio Broadcast:
Voice Material: refers to the human voice in diverse
projections

Criteria for Voice Material Selection:

I. Voice Quality
40%
Character Fitness 20%
Modulation Consistency 20%
II. Enunciation 40%
Articulation Fluency 10%
Phonemics 10%
Stressing & Phrasing 10%
Intonation Scheming 10%
III. Delivery Impact 20%
Convincing or Influencing Capability 10%
Associability or Novelty 10% ____
100%
The Typical Radio
Broadcast Crew
Distribution and Functions
e Typical Radio Broadcast Crew Distribution and Funct

1.) Director: is the very person who takes full

command of the direction to ensure that the
production is delivered as scheduled though
the proper designation and coordination of
the crews with all the contents of the
script carried out as planned.

2.) Assistant Director : is considered the

time- keeper of the production. It is the
primary function of the AD to keep
tract of the every second of the production
schedule. Reminding the crews of the
running time must be done from time to
time either through vocal
announcements or hand signals.
e Typical Radio Broadcast Crew Distribution and Funct

3.) Technical Director : is in-charge of the tools and

equipment necessary for the production.
It is the responsibility of the TD to
check, install, connect and pre-test all
the tools and equipment to ensure
a quality broadcast out-put. The
TD must have the technical knowledge
of the basic audio tools and equipment
as well as its related functions.
4.) Floor Director : acts as the alter-ego of the Director.
The FD assumes the responsibility of
relaying to the floor or the rest of
the crews and talents whatever the
director so instructs especially during
the taping or airing time. In conveying
the instructions, the FD often use hand signals.
e Typical Radio Broadcast Crew Distribution and Funct

5.) Spinner : is an assistant of the Technical

Director. Primarily, the spinner is the
one who plays the canned or taped
materials on time. It is the duty of the
spinner to cue the canned material and
ensure that such is aired as
scheduled and specified in the script.

6.) Talents : refers to the prime movers

of the action in a production or as
front actors or actresses of the
production. They may appear as
anchors, newscasters or dramatis
personae.
Basic Crew Floor Distribution

Talents

Director

Floor
Director

Assistant
Director

Technical Director/
Spinner
Activity on Treating News Material:

Patay ang tatlong Three soldiers,

tao kasama na ang isang including a captain, were
kapitan nang bumagsak killed when an aging
kahapon ang isang Philippine Air Force
lumang helikopter ng (PAF) helicopter crashed
Philippine Air Force (PAF) in Sulu yesterday.
sa Sulu.
Activity on Treating News Material:

Ayon sa ulat na Based on the

natanggap ng Armed
Forces (AFP) headquarters
information reaching the
sa Camp Aguinaldo, ang AFP headquarters in Camp
helikopter na isang UH-1H Aguinaldo, the UH-1H
model ay magsasagawa helicopter was on a resupply
sana ng resupply mission mission to the 6th Marine
para sa tropa ng 6th Battalion Landing Team at
Marine Battalion Landing
Camp Baladad in Sitio Tubig
Team na nakabase sa
Camp Baladad sa Sitio Magtuh,Barangay Pangla-
Tubig Magtuh, Barangay yahan, Patikul.
Panglayahan, bayan ng
Patikul.
Activity on Treating News Material:

Kinilala ng pulisya The police identified

ang mga namatay na the fatalities as Capt. Omar
sina Capt. Omar Antepuesto, Staff Sgt.
Antepuesto, Staff Sgt., Maximo Orquina, and
Maximo Orquina at Airman First Class Rannie
Airman First Class Rannie Solis. The aircraft’s co-pilot,
Solis. Himala namang 1Lt. Junius Zulueta
nakaligtas subalit miraculously survived but
sugatan ang co-pilot na was injured.
si 1Lt. Junius Zulueta
ctivity on Gisting, Sifting & Sequencing:

1.) The spokesman said the aircraft was on its second sortie
at about 8:20 a.m. when it lost power before landing.

2.) The helicopter took off shortly before 7:00 a.m. from
Camp Bautista in Jolo for Camp Baladad.

3.) The aircraft was a total wreck according to officials.

4.) The spokesman is Lt. Col. Randolph Cabangbang of the

Western Mindanao Command (Wesmincom).

5.) The pilots tried an emergency landing at Camp

Baladad but “the aircraft hit the ground hard and rolled down
a hill” Cabanbang said.
ctivity on Gisting, Sifting & Sequencing:

Most Appropriate Gist:

The military spokesman accounts crash details.

Most Appropriate Sifted and Sequenced Details:

4–2
1–5
3
ctivity on Gisting, Sifting & Sequencing:
ctivity on Gisting, Sifting & Sequencing: