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Diffie-helman Algorithm Network Security

The Diffie-Hellman algorithm, proposed by Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman in 1976, enables two parties to securely agree on a secret key over an insecure channel, addressing key exchange challenges in cybersecurity. It utilizes modular exponentiation and discrete logarithms, allowing for the generation of public keys from private keys while maintaining confidentiality and integrity. This algorithm is essential for secure communication, data integrity, and authentication, protecting against eavesdropping and tampering.

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2 views

Diffie-helman Algorithm Network Security

The Diffie-Hellman algorithm, proposed by Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman in 1976, enables two parties to securely agree on a secret key over an insecure channel, addressing key exchange challenges in cybersecurity. It utilizes modular exponentiation and discrete logarithms, allowing for the generation of public keys from private keys while maintaining confidentiality and integrity. This algorithm is essential for secure communication, data integrity, and authentication, protecting against eavesdropping and tampering.

Uploaded by

bbaskaruni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIFFIE-HELMAN

ALGORITHM
INTRODUCTION

Diffie-Hellman is a mathematical problem that is the foundation


for many cryptographic protocols. Diffie-Hellman is one of the
greatest inventions in Cybersecurity. This revolutionary
algorithm was proposed by Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman
in 1976, enabling two entities to agree upon a secret key
without prior arrangements, even in the presence of potential
eavesdroppers. Diffie-Hellman offers a powerful solution to
secure key exchange which has always been challenging and
prone to alteration, thus ensuring confidentiality and integrity in
information.
WHY DIFFIE-HELLMAN KEY EXCHANGE ALGORITHM
NEEDED?
 A key exchange algorithm is needed in communication and
cryptography for several reasons:
• It enables two or more parties to agree upon a secret key without
exposing it to potential eavesdroppers, the key is then used for
encryption and decryption, which is vital for maintaining confidentiality
in communication.

• Preserving the data integrity was also a major challenge in digital communication
where data is always vulnerable to tempering while transmission. A key exchange
algorithm helps in preserving the integrity of the transmitted data, it prevents
unauthorized alteration or tampering of data during transmission.

• A key exchange algorithm facilitates authentication of the communicating parties,


verifies who they claim to be, thus escalating the risk of man-in-the-middle
(impersonation) attack.
METHOD OF OPERATION IN DIFFIE-HELLMAN KEY
EXCHANGE
 Diffie-Hellman key exchange algorithm is based on the principles of
modular exponentiation and discrete logarithms to allow two parties to securely
establish a shared secret key over an insecure communication channel. Here is an
operational overview of the process in context to Alice and Bob :

 . Parameters Setup

 Alice and Bob must agree upon two number:

• A large prime number p,

• A generator g of p, which is the primitive root of p

 These two number are shared and are not kept secret.
 2. Key Generation

• Alice and Bob randomly chose a private key, say xa and xb, where xa is the
private key of Alice and xb is the private key of Bob.

• These private keys are kept secret and not being shared.

 3. Public Key Exchange

• Both Alice and Bob perform a calculation to generate their corresponding


public keys.

ya = ga (mod p)

yb = gb (mod p),
 where ya is the public key of Alice and yb is the public key of Bob

• The public key are then shared with each other, ya is shared with Bob and y b is
shared with Alice.

 4. Shared Secret Key Calculation

• Alice then calculates the shared secret using the yb received from Bob and her
private key as:

k = (yb)xa (mod p)

Bob also calculates the shared secret using the ya received from Alice and his
private key xb as:

k = (ya)xb (mod p)
 Resulting Secret

 Alice and Bob will end upon the same shared secret key, which can be used
for encryption and decryption of information using symmetric key
algorithms.
THANK YOU
By
B.Sumalatha
MSC(II year)

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