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Exception Handling

The document explains exception handling in C++, detailing the types of exceptions, the mechanism for handling them using try, throw, and catch keywords, and the process of throwing and catching exceptions. It emphasizes that exceptions are runtime anomalies that can arise during program execution and provides examples of how to implement exception handling in code. Additionally, it discusses rethrowing exceptions and the structure of catch blocks for handling different exception types.

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7 views15 pages

Exception Handling

The document explains exception handling in C++, detailing the types of exceptions, the mechanism for handling them using try, throw, and catch keywords, and the process of throwing and catching exceptions. It emphasizes that exceptions are runtime anomalies that can arise during program execution and provides examples of how to implement exception handling in code. Additionally, it discusses rethrowing exceptions and the structure of catch blocks for handling different exception types.

Uploaded by

f24607016
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXCEPTION HANDLING IN C++

EXCEPTIONS

 Exceptions are run time anomalies or unusual conditions that a


program may encounter during execution.
 Conditions such as
 Division by zero
 Access to an array outside of its bounds
 Running out of memory
 Running out of disk space
 It was not a part of original C++.
 It is a new feature added to ANSI C++.
EXCEPTION HANDLING

 Exceptions are of 2 kinds

 Synchronous Exception:
 Out of rage
 Over flow

 Asynchronous Exception: Error that are caused by causes beyond the


control of the program
 Keyboard interrupts

 In C++ only synchronous exceptions can be handled.


EXCEPTION HANDLING (CONT…)

 Exception handling mechanism


 Find the problem (Hit the exception).

 Inform that an error has occurred (Throw the exception).

 Receive the error information (Catch the exception).

 Take corrective action (handle the exception).


EXCEPTION HANDLING MECHANISM

 It is basically build upon three keywords


try block
 try
Detects and
 throw throw an
exception
 catch Exception
Object
catch block

Catch and
handle the
exception
EXCEPTION HANDLING MECHANISM (CONT…)

 The keyword try is used to preface a block of statements which


may generate exceptions.
 When an exception is detected, it is thrown using a throw
statement in the try block.
 A catch block defined by the keyword ‘catch’ catches the
exception and handles it appropriately.
 The catch block that catches an exception must immediately
follow the try block that throws the exception.
EXCEPTION HANDLING MECHANISM (CONT…)

 try
{
… // Block of statements //
which detect and throws an exception
throw exception;
…

}
 catch(type arg)
{
…
…
…
}
EXCEPTION HANDLING MECHANISM (CONT…)

 Exceptions are objects used to transmit information about a problem.

 If the type of the object thrown matches the arg type in the catch statement, the
catch block is executed.

 If they do not match, the program is aborted.


THROWING MECHANISM

 The throw statement can have one of the following 3 forms


 throw(exception)
 throw exception
 throw //used to re-throw a exception
 The operand object exception can be of any type, including
constant.
 It is also possible to throw an object not intended for error
handling.
 Throw point can be in a deeply nested scope within a try block or
in a deeply nested function call.
 In any case, control is transferred to the catch statement.
CATCHING MECHANISM

 The type indicates the type of exception the


catch(type arg)
catch block handles.
{
 The parameter arg is an optional
…
parameter name.
…
 The catch statement catches an exception …
whose type matches with the type of the
catch argument. }
CATCHING MECHANISM (CONT…)

 If the parameter in the catch statement is named, then the


parameter can be used in the exception handling code.

 If a catch statement does not match the exception it is skipped.

 More than one catch statement can be associated with a try


block.
CATCHING MECHANISM (CONT…)

try
{
throw exception;
}
catch(type1 arg)
{
// catch block 1
}
catch(type2 arg)
{
// catch block 2
}
…
…
catch(typeN arg)
{
// catch block N
CATCHING MECHANISM (CONT…)
 When an exception is thrown, the exception handlers are searched in order for a
match.
 The first handler that yields a match is executed.
 If several catch statement matches the type of an exception the first handler
that matches the exception type is executed.
 Catch all exception
catch (…)
{
// statement for processing all exceptions
}
RETHROWING AN EXCEPTION

 A handler may decide to rethrow the exception caught without


processing it.

 In such a case we have to invoke throw without any arguments as


shown below

throw;

 This causes the current exception to be thrown to the next enclosing


try/catch sequence and is caught by a catch statement listed after the
enclosing try

block
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept> cout << "Enter denominator: ";
cin >> denominator;
using namespace std;
try {
int divide(int numerator, int denominator) // Try to perform the division
{ result = divide(numerator, denominator);
if (denominator == 0) {
// Throw an exception if the // If successful, print the result
denominator is zero cout << "Result of division: " << result << endl;
throw runtime_error("Cannot divide } catch (const exception& e) {
by zero"); // Catch any exceptions that may occur
} cout << "Exception caught: " << e.what() <<
endl;
return numerator / denominator; } finally {
} // This block is optional and executes regardless
of whether an exception occurred or not
int main() { cout << "Finally block executed." << endl;
int numerator, denominator, result; }

cout << "Enter numerator: "; return 0;

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