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Biochemistry AJ

The presentation discusses DNA replication, a crucial process for cell growth, repair, and reproduction, which was first proposed by Stahl and Meselson in 1958. It outlines the steps of replication including initiation, elongation, and termination, as well as the enzymes involved such as helicase, ligase, and polymerase. Additionally, it includes multiple-choice questions to test understanding of the topic.

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Aleeshba Waqar
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9 views20 pages

Biochemistry AJ

The presentation discusses DNA replication, a crucial process for cell growth, repair, and reproduction, which was first proposed by Stahl and Meselson in 1958. It outlines the steps of replication including initiation, elongation, and termination, as well as the enzymes involved such as helicase, ligase, and polymerase. Additionally, it includes multiple-choice questions to test understanding of the topic.

Uploaded by

Aleeshba Waqar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BIOCHEMISTRY PRESENTATION

Name : Amisha Jacob , Movid Ahad


Roll no : 32 , 33
Class : Pharm - D 1st Proff
Section : B
Topic : DNA Replication
CONTENTS
 Introduction
 What is replication of DNA
 Steps of DNA replication
 Enzymes involved in DNA replication
 Mcqs
INTRODUCTION
• DNA replication was postulated by
Stahl and Meselson in 1958.
• The process of DNA replication is vital for
cell growth , repair and reproduction in
organisms.
• DNA replication is semi-conservative.
• Each replicated duplex daughter DNA
molecule contains one parent strand and
one newly synthesized strand
SEMI - CONSERVATIVE REPLICATION
What is the replication of
DNA?
• The process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division.
• This process takes us from one starting molecule to two daughter
molecules , with newly formed double helix containing one new and
one old strand.
• The DNA found within the nucleus , must be replicated in order to
ensure that each new cell receives correct number of chromosomes.
The process of duplication is called DNA replication.
STEPS OF DNA REPLICATION

INITIATION

ELONGATION

TERMINATION
INITIATION
 Step 1 : Replication fork formation
Before DNA can be replicated the double stranded molecule
must be unzipped into two single strands.
DNA has four bases that form pairs between the two strands.
 In order to wind DNA these interactions between base pairs
must be broken.
 This breakage is performed by an enzyme called
DNA helicase .
 DNA helicase separate the strands into Y shape known as
the replication fork .
 Step 2 : Primer Binding
 Once the DNA strands have been separated , a short piece of
RNA called a primer binds to the 3'end of the strand .

 The primer always binds as the starting point for


replication .

 Primers are generated by the enzyme DNA primase .


 Step 3 : Elongation
 Enzymes known as DNA polymerase are responsible
for creating the new strands by a process called
elongation.
 During elongation, a primer sequence is added with
complementary RNA nucleotides, which are then
replaced by DNA nucleotides.
 During elongation the leading strand is made
continuously, while the lagging strand is made in
pieces called Okazaki fragments.
 Step 4 : Termination
 Once both the continuous and discontinous strands are formed ,
an enzyme called exonuclease removes all RNA primers from the
original strands .
 Another enzyme called DNA ligase joins Okazaki fragments
together forming a single unified strand.
 Once completed the parent strand the DNA complementary
strands coils into the familiar double helix shape .
 In the end of replication process , two DNA molecules each with
the one from the parent molecule and one new strand is
formed.
Enzymes involved in DNA replication
Helicase
Helicase is the enzyme, which unzips the DNA strands
by breaking the hydrogen bonds between them.
Thus, it helps in the formation of the replication fork.

Ligase
Ligase is the enzyme which joins together the Okazaki
fragments of the discontinuous DNA strands.

Primase
This enzyme helps in the synthesis of RNA primer
complementary to the DNA template strand.
Polymerase
Synthesize new DNA molecules by adding nucleotides to leading
and lagging strands.

Gyrase
Unwind and rewinds DNA strands to prevent the DNA from
becoming tangled or supercoiled.

Single strand binding proteins


Keep the DNA single stranded after it has been melted by
helicase.
MCQ'S
• the process of making a DNA copy of a DNA
molecule is called
a) transcription b) translation
c) replication

• what is the accepted method of DNA replication ?


a) conservative b) dispersive
c ) semi conservative d) non conservative

• during DNA replication , the strands separate by


a) DNA polymerase b) DNA helicase
c) none
• which of the following enzymes are used to join bits of DNA:
a) DNA ligase b) DNA polymerase
c) primase d) endonuclease

• the DNA double helix is built in the


a) 5'to 3'direction b) 3'to 5'direction
c) 3'to 3'direction d) 5'to 5'direction

• DNA replication results in two DNA molecules:


a) each with two strands b) one with two new and old strand
c) each with two original d) one with new and one old strand
strands

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