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Chapter 2-Encoding systems and number systems

The document discusses encoding schemes and number systems used in computing, emphasizing that computers understand only binary language. It details various encoding schemes like ASCII, ISCII, and UNICODE, explaining their unique character representations and compatibility. Additionally, it outlines different number systems (decimal, binary, octal, hexadecimal) and their positional values in representing numbers.

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7 views

Chapter 2-Encoding systems and number systems

The document discusses encoding schemes and number systems used in computing, emphasizing that computers understand only binary language. It details various encoding schemes like ASCII, ISCII, and UNICODE, explaining their unique character representations and compatibility. Additionally, it outlines different number systems (decimal, binary, octal, hexadecimal) and their positional values in representing numbers.

Uploaded by

sionashamej
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2-Encoding schemes and number systems:

• Computer understands only binary language of 0s and 1s.


• Therefore, when a key on the keyboard is pressed, it is
internally mapped to a unique code, which is further
converted to binary.
• This has been possible because of standard encoding schemes
where each letter, numeral and symbol is encoded or assigned
a unique code.
• Some of the well-known encoding schemes are
• 1. American Standard Code for Information Interchange
(ASCII)
• 2.Indian Script Code for Information Interchange (ISCII
• 3.UNICODE
Interchange (ASCII)

• Encoding scheme ASCII was developed for standardizing the


character representation. ASCII is still the most commonly
used coding scheme. Initially ASCII uses 7 bits to represent
characters.
• There are only 2 binary digits (0 or 1). Therefore, total number
of different characters on the English keyboard that can be
encoded by 7-bit ASCII code is 27 = 128
• Examples:
• ASCII value of D is 68 and its equivalent 7-bit binary code =
1000100
• ASCII value of A is 65 and its equivalent 7-bit binary code =
1000001
• ASCII value of T is 84 and its equivalent 7-bit binary code =
1010100
Indian Script Code for Information Interchange
(ISCII
• In order to facilitate the use of Indian languages on
computers, a common standard for coding Indian scripts
called ISCII was developed in India during mid 1980s.
• It is an 8-bit code representation for Indian languages which
means it can represent 28=256 characters
• It retains all 128 ASCII codes and uses rest of the codes (128)
for additional Indian language character set
• UNICODE
• There were many encoding schemes, for character sets of
different languages. But they were not able to communicate
with each other, as each of them represented characters in
their own ways.
• Hence, text created using one encoding scheme was not
recognized by another machine using different encoding
scheme.
• UNICODE provides a unique number for every character,
irrespective of device (server, desktop, mobile), operating system
(Linux, Windows, iOS) or software application (different browsers,
text editors, etc.).
• Commonly used UNICODE encodings are UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32.
• It is a superset of ASCII, and the values 0–128 have the same
character as in ASCII.
• Number System
• Till now, we have learnt that each key (representing character,
special symbol, function keys, etc.) of the keyboard is internally
mapped to an ASCII code following an encoding scheme.
• This encoded value is further converted to its equivalent binary
representation so that the computer can understand it.
• A number system is a method to represent (write) numbers.
• Every number system has a set of unique characters or literals.
• The count of these literals is called the radix or base of the number
system.
• The four different number systems used in the context of
computer are:

• 1.Decimal Number System.

• 2.Binary Number system.

• 3.Octal Number System.

• 4.Hexadecimal Number system


Number system Base Comprises

Decimal 10 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9

Binary 2 0,1

Octal 8 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7

Hexadecimal 16 0-9 and A-f(10-15)


Types of number system:Positional and Non
Positional
• Number systems are also called positional number system because the value of
each symbol (i.e., digit and alphabet) in a number depends upon its position
within the number.
• Number may also have a fractional part similar to decimal numbers used by us.
• The symbol at the right most position in the integer part in a given number has
position 0.
• The value of position (also called position value) in the integer part increases
from right to left by 1.
• On the other hand, the first symbol in the fraction part of the number has
position number –1, which decreases by 1 while reading fraction part from left
to right.
• Each symbol in a number has a positional value, which is computed using its
position value and the base value of the number system
• Adding the product of positional value and the symbol value results in the given
number.

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