CHAPTER 6

Cooling Load Calculations

Cooling Load Calculations
The room cooling load- is the rate at which heat must be
removed from the room air to maintain it at the design temperature
and humidity .
Cooling load is different in value from the entering heat
(instantaneous heat gain).
This caused by the thermal storage effect and resulting time lag.

The cooling load calculation procedure is called CLF/CLTD method.

Room Heat Gains
1. Conduction through exterior walls, roof and class.
2. Conduction through interior partitions, ceilings and floors.
3. Solar radiation through glass.
4. Lighting
5. People
6. Equipment
7. Heat from infiltration of outside air through openings.

1 through 4 sensible gains

5 through 7 part sensible part latent.
Conduction Through Exterior Structure

= Cooling load for roof, wall or glass Btu/hr.

= Overall heat transfer coefficient Btu/ hr.
= Area
= Corrected cooling load temperature difference, ºF
Table 6.1 and 6.2 List CLTD for roof and walls, these values are based on the
following conditions:
1. Indoor temperature 78 ºF DB.
2. Outdoor average temperature on the design day is 85 ºF DB.
3. Date is July 21st.
4. Location is 40ºN latitude. Outside Table
design A.9
= ) + (-85) temp
Daily
(Table 6.1 or 6.2) latitude and Room Temperature average outside temp. ta = to – (DR/2)
temp
month correction range

(table 6.4)

Table 6.5 is CLTD for glass. No LM for correction

Table 6.1 and 6.3 include U values – always calculate U
from individual R-values.

The hours listed in table 6.1 and 6.2 are solar time
• Solar time =standard time
• Add one hour for daylight saving time

Conduction Through Interior Structure

Solar Radiation Through Glass

– Solar radiation cooling load for glass, Btu/hr.

– Maximum solar heat gain factor, Btu/hr. Table 6.6
– Area if glass, .
–Shading coefficient Table 6.7
– Cooling load factor for glass Table 6.8 through 6.10
External Shading Effect

West 5 ft. wide x 6 ft. high

32ºN Latitude
3 pm
Table 6.11 find the vertical proportion of shade 0.97 ( feet of shade for
each foot of horizontal projection).

L = 0.97 x 4 = 3.9 .

The height of shade on the window is 3.9 – 1 = 2.9

Unshaded height is 6 - 2.9 = 3.1 .

Shaded area (2.9)(5) = 14.5 SHGF value for N side of the

building, which also
receives
only indirect radiation.

Unshaded area (3.1)(5) = 15.5 . SHGF value from Table 6.6

Design Conditions
• Inside conditions Table 1.1
• Outside conditions Table A.9
DB Temperature and coincident WB
separate design WB column listed does not usually occur at
the same time as the DB listed.
List Latitudes & DR
• Table 6.12 other months design conditions.

Lighting

= Cooling load from lighting, Btu/hr.

=Lighting capacity, watts.
 – Ballast factor, = 1.25 for florescent lighting, = 1.0 for incandescent
lighting.
– Cooling load factor for lighting, use CLF = 1.0

People

- Sensible and latent heat gains (loads).

- Sensible and latent heat gains per person Table 6.13
- Number of people
– Cooling load factor for people Table 6.14
Equipment & Appliances
Table 6.15 & 6.16
apply if the system operates 24 hours.
Infiltration
Same as in Heating Load Calculations
Room Cooling Load
-is the sum of each of the cooling load components (roof, walls,
glass, solar, people, equipment, and infiltration) in the room.
TLC, SCL, LCL – Component total, sensible, latent cooling loads.
RTCL, RSCL, RLCL – Room total, sensible, latent cooling loads.
BTCL, BSCL, BLCL – Building total, sensible, latent cooling loads.
CTCL, CSCL, CLCL – Coil total, sensible, latent cooling loads.

Room Peak Cooling Load

The external heat gain components vary in intensity with time
of day and time of year because of changing solar radiation as the
orientation of the sun changes and because of outdoor temperature
changes.
Building Peak Cooling Load
Is the rate at which heat is removed from all air conditioned rooms in
the building cooling load is at its peak value.
• Σ peak cooling loads of each room > peak load for the whole building.
Room peaks do not occur at the same time.
• Find building peaks cooling load.

Cooling Coil Load

• Is the rate at which heat must be removed by the air conditioning
equipment cooling coil(s).

1. Ventilation (outside air) 2. Heat gains to ducts. 3. Heat produced by

the air conditioning system fans and pumps. 4. Air leakage from
ducts.
Ventilation

- Sensible and latent cooling loads from ventilation air Btu/ hr.
– Air ventilation rate, /min.
– Temperature change between outdoor and inside air ºF.
- Outdoor and inside humidity ratio, grw/ lbda.

• Recommended outdoor air ventilation. Table 6.17

• If the peak loads does not occur at the time of the day that the outdoor
temperature is at a maximum. Use correction from table 6.18
Heat Gain to Ducts

= duct heat gain, Btu/hr.

= overall coefficient of heat transfer, Btu/hr.
= duct surfaces area, .
= temperature difference between air in duct and surrounding air, ºF.

• Heat loss of sensible heat must be added to the BSCL.

• If there is a significant heat gain to return air ducts, calculate and add to
the CSCL.
• Add 1-3% of BSCL.
Fan and Pump Heat
Draw - through fan (fan downstream from the cooling coil)-add to BSCL
Blow – through fan ( fan upstream from the coil)- add to CSCL 1in. w.g.
pressure add 2.5 % to BSCL
2 in w.g. pressure add 5% to BSCL
4 in w.g. pressure add 10% to BSCL
For pump in large system add 1-2% of sensible load.

Duct Air Leakage

• If ducts are outside the conditioned place- effect of leakage- add 5% or
less of the total CFM to BSCL and BLCL.
• If it leaks into the conditioned space- no action.
Residential Cooling Loads
• Cooling load from heat gain through structure.

( from Table 6.19)

• Cooling load from heat gain through windows.

(glass load factor Btu/hr. Table 6.20)

• If the class is shaded

-Use table 6.21 to find shade line factors (SLF)

-SLF x width of the overhang to find the vertical length of
shading.
-For the shaded part, the values from Table 6.20, north facing
glass are used.
• People and Appliances
–Sensible heat gain per person = 225 Btu/hr.
–If Huber of people is not known use n = 2 x no. of bedrooms.
–For maximum load assume people in living and dining areas.
–For kitchen appliances use 1200-1600 Btu/hr. (sensible heat gain)
–If kitchen is open to an adjacent room, 50% of this load should be
assigned to that room.
• Infiltration and Ventilation
Infiltration rate from table 6.22 Three categories of construction
tightness.
- Tight well-fitted windows and doors, weather-stripping, no fireplace.
- Medium- average fit windows and doors, fireplace that can be
closed
off.
- Loose-poorly fitted windows and doors, fireplace without shut off.
 Table 6.22)

Room Building and Air Conditioning Equipment Loads

• Room sensible cooling load
RSCL is the sum of room’s cooling load components.
• Building Sensible Cooling Load
BSCL is the sum of RSCL
• Duct Heat Gains
Ducts in attics-add 10% to the BSCL
Ducts in crawl space or basement- add 5% to BSCL
• Duct Leakage
Add 5% to BSCL
• Equipment Sensible Cooling Load
Sum of BSCL, duct heat gains and leakage
• Latent Cooling Load

(Latent factor figure 6.8)

6.1
a) Time is 12 noon…

CLTD = 25
From Table 6.1

= CLTD + LM + (78 -
=(25-8) + (78-78) + (83-85) = 15˚F
(8 from Table 6.4)

U = 0.11 Btu/ hr. .˚F (Table A.7 page 499, with ceiling)
A = 120 x 80 =9600
= (0.11)(9600)(15) = 15840 Btu/hr.

b) Peak time is 1800 hr. June

= (57+2)+(78-78)+(83-85)= 57˚F
Q =(0.11)(9600)(57) = 60192 Btu/hr.
6.2
Wall is group B (Table 6.3)
a) At 11 a.m. CLTD = 15 (Table 6.2)

=(15-0)+(78-77)+(96-85) = 27 ᵒF
U =0.14 Btu/hr. .ᵒF Table A.7 (498)
Q =(0.14)(90 x 24)(27)=8165 Btu/hr.

b) Peak is at 21 hr. (9 p.m.) September

=(26+4)+(78-77)+(96-85) = 42 ᵒF
Q =(0.14)(90 x 24)(42)=12701 Btu/hr.
6.3
Baltimore, Maryland, 2300 single glass DBin = 78
2 p.m. summer
From Table A.9 DB = 93 DR = 19 Lat=39º
From Table 6.5 CLTD @ 2 p.m. is 13ºF

=CLTD+(78-)+(-85)
=13+(78-78)+(83-85)= 11 ᵒF

= (1.01)(2300)(11)=25553 Btu/hr.
6.4
Dallas TX
A=490 facing W, ” single glass, medium color interior, venetian
blinds Building light construction.

SHGF = 227 (April)(Table 6.6) 1600 hr

SC= 0.74 (Table 6.7)
CLF=0.82 at 16 hr. (table 6.10)

=227
=67490 Btu/hr.
6.5
L= 1.59 x 3 = 4.8 ft.
(1.59 from Table 6.11)
Shaded Area = 12 x 4.8 = 57.6
Unshaded Area = 12 x 1.2 =14.4
SHGF = 109 Btu/hr. (unshaded)
SHGF = 38 Btu/hr. (shaded)
SC = 0.81
CLF = 0.83

= 1472 Btu/ hr.

1055 Btu/ hr
= 2527 Btu/hr.
6.6
4-40 W fluorescent lighting
2-200 W incandescent fixtures

= 680 + 1360 =2040 Btu/hr.

6.7
Btu/hr.
Btu/hr.
6.8
At 1 p.m. Use 75ᵒF
=275 =475 For 80ᵒF

= 275 220
Btu/hr.
-220=530
= 36100 Btu/hr.
6.10
Sacramento CA 39ᵒN DB=100ᵒF DR =33
Inside condition DB=78ᵒF , φ =50%RH
Wall U: 0.28 Btu/hr. .ºF Group E
Area = 30 x 10- 20 x 6 =180
CLTD = 49ᵒF @20 hr. =83 June LM=1
=49+1+(78-78)+(83-85)=48

=(0.28)(180)(48)=2419.2 Btu/hr.
Window
Cond
= (14+1)+(78-78)+(83-85) = 13
= (1.1)(120)(13) =1716 Btu/hr.
Solar

= (216)(120)(0.81)(0.82)
= 17216 Btu/hr.
People
N=10 Assume Moderately Active
Btu/hr.
Btu/hr.
Lights
W=4 x 20 x 30 =2400
Q =(3.4)(W)(BF)(CLF)
Q =(3.4)(2400) = 8160 Btu/hr.

= 23901.6 Btu/hr. = 2000 Btu/ hr.

6.14
From table 6.17
CFM per person = 15
CFM total = 15 x 2300 =34500

Outside condition DB = 80 W’=68 gr/ lbda.

Inside condition DB = 75 W’=65 gr/ lbda.

=(1.1)(34500)(80-75) = 189750 Btu/hr.

-
= (0.68)(34500)(68-65)=119370 Btu/hr.
Btu/hr.