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Lecture # 7 (1)

The document discusses lethal alleles, which can cause death in organisms when present in a homozygous condition, and categorizes them into three types: recessive, dominant, and conditional lethal alleles. It also covers polygenic inheritance, where multiple genes influence a single trait, and introduces concepts of penetrance and expressivity related to genotype and phenotype expression. The historical context of lethal alleles is provided through Lucien Cuenot's work on mice coat color inheritance.

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8 views22 pages

Lecture # 7 (1)

The document discusses lethal alleles, which can cause death in organisms when present in a homozygous condition, and categorizes them into three types: recessive, dominant, and conditional lethal alleles. It also covers polygenic inheritance, where multiple genes influence a single trait, and introduces concepts of penetrance and expressivity related to genotype and phenotype expression. The historical context of lethal alleles is provided through Lucien Cuenot's work on mice coat color inheritance.

Uploaded by

sanakhan05866
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Genetics-I

(BOT-304)

Lecture # 7
1
Lethal Alleles

• Lethal alleles are alleles that cause an organism to die only when
present in a homozygous condition

• The gene involved is considered an essential gene and the lethal allele
may be either dominant or recessive.

• Lethal alleles were first discovered by Lucien Cuenot in 1905 while


studying the inheritance of coat colour in mice.
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Lucien’s work

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Types of Lethal Alleles

• There are three types of lethal alleles;

1. Recessive lethal allele


2. Dominant lethal allele
3. Conditional lethal allele

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1. Recessive Lethal Allele

• A pair of identical alleles that are both present in an organism that


ultimately results in death of that organism are referred to as
recessive lethal alleles.

• They may code for dominant or recessive.

• They are only fatal in homozygous condition.

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Achondroplasia

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Manx Cat

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2. Dominant Lethal Allele

• Alleles that need only be present in one copy in an organism to be


fatal are referred to as dominant lethal alleles.

• Not commonly found in population

• usually result in the death of an organism before it can transmit its


lethal allele on to its offspring

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Huntington’s Disease

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3. Conditional Lethal Allele
• Alleles that will only be fatal in response to some environmental
factor are referred to as conditional lethals.

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Favism

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T4 bacteriophage

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What is it called when multiple genes affect one
trait?

• Polygenic inheritance
• occurs when one characteristic is controlled by two or more genes. Often the
genes are large in quantity but small in effect.
• Example:

1. human polygenic inheritance are height,

2. skin color,

3. eye color and

4. weight.
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Several alleles affecting the
same gene
• A polygenic trait is a characteristic, such as height or skin color, that is
influenced by two or more genes.
• Multiple genes are involved, polygenic traits do not follow the
patterns of Mendelian inheritance.
• Many polygenic traits are also influenced by the environment and are
called multifactorial.
• These traits come in lots of slightly different forms because they are
controlled by many genes, each of which contributes some amount
to the overall phenotype.

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Penetrance & Expressivity

• Penetrance
• Penetrance is the percentage of animals of a specific genotype who express
the phenotype associated with that underlying genotype.

• Expressivity
• It refers to the degree that a particular genotype is expressed as a phenotype
within an individual.

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Make the possible gametes having the disease?

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What is the disease that comes into your mind?

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