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OS PRESENTATION

The document discusses the Linux operating system, covering its kernel, licensing under the GNU GPL, design principles, and system components. It highlights the collaborative nature of Linux with other projects, the standard directory structure defined by the FHS, and the evolution of Linux distributions. Additionally, it explains the kernel's functionality, the distinction between kernel and user modes, and the role of system libraries and utilities.

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D.R.Anitha Sofia Liz CSE STAFF
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5 views

OS PRESENTATION

The document discusses the Linux operating system, covering its kernel, licensing under the GNU GPL, design principles, and system components. It highlights the collaborative nature of Linux with other projects, the standard directory structure defined by the FHS, and the evolution of Linux distributions. Additionally, it explains the kernel's functionality, the distinction between kernel and user modes, and the role of system libraries and utilities.

Uploaded by

D.R.Anitha Sofia Liz CSE STAFF
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WHAT WE ARE GOING TO DISCUSS?

LINUX SYSTEM AND DESIGN PRINCIPLES


TOPICS TO BE COVERED
1. LINUX SYSTEM
2. LINUX LICENSING
3. DESIGN PRINCIPLES
4. COMPONENTS OF LINUX
LINUX SYSTEMS

WHAT IS LINUX KERNEL?

The Linux kernel is the core of the Linux operating system, acting as a crucial interface between hardware
and software, managing resources and enabling interactions between them.
The sharing of tools between Linux, Berkeley's BSD, MIT's X Window System, and the FSF's GNU project is
a two-way street, meaning that while Linux utilizes tools developed by these projects, these projects
have also benefited from and incorporated code or ideas from Linux, fostering a collaborative
ecosystem.
FILE SYSTEM HIERARCHY STANDARD (FHS):
• Maintained by the Linux community.
• Defines the standard directory structure for configuration files,
libraries, binaries, and data files.
DISTRIBUTIONS
•Linux Distributions:
•Include additional tools for system installation, management, and software packages.
•Provide precompiled UNIX tools like web browsers, text editors, and games.

•Early Package Management:


•Initial distributions simply unpacked files into their respective locations.
•Modern distributions feature advanced package management with tracking databases.

•Early Linux Distributions:


•SLS (Soft-landing Linux System): First complete Linux distribution but lacked package management.
•Slackware: Improved quality but still had poor package management; remains widely used.

•Modern Linux Distributions:


•Red Hat: Commercial distribution from a Linux support company.
•Delian: Free-software distribution maintained by the community.
•Canonical (Ubuntu) & SuSE: Other popular commercial distributions.

•Compatibility Across Distributions:


•Despite numerous distributions, compatibility is maintained.
•RPM package format is widely accepted, enabling easy software installation across multiple distributions.
LINUX LICENSING:

•Linux Licensing:
•The Linux kernel is distributed under GNU General Public License (GPL) v2.0,
set by the Free Software Foundation.

•Not Public Domain:


•Copyright is retained by the original authors.
•Linux is free software, meaning users can copy, modify, use, and distribute it
freely.

•GPL Implications:
•Derivatives of Linux must include source code when distributed.
•Binary-only distribution is not allowed if it includes GPL-covered components.
•Binaries can be sold, but recipients must have access to the source code for a
reasonable distribution charge.
DESGIN PRINCIPLES:

•Linux Design Overview:

•Resembles traditional non-microkernel UNIX systems.


•Multiuser, preemptive multitasking with UNIX-compatible tools.
•Fully implements UNIX file system semantics and networking model.

•Development History & Efficiency:

•Originally developed on PC architecture by individual enthusiasts.


•Optimized for limited resources, making it highly efficient.
•Can run on high-end multiprocessor systems but remains functional with as little as 16MB RAM.

.
DESIGN PRINCIPLES:

•Standardization & UNIX Compatibility:

•POSIX compliance ensures compatibility across UNIX systems.


•Adheres to SVR4 UNIX semantics by default but offers BSD-compatible libraries.
•Some Linux distributions have achieved official POSIX certification.

•Challenges in Certification:

•Full certification with UNIX standards is costly, slowing official approvals.


•Despite this, Linux development prioritizes supporting a wide base of applications.
•POSIX Extensions & Real-Time Support:
•Supports POSIX threading (Pthreads) and a subset of POSIX real-time process control extensions
COMPONENTS OF A LINUX SYSTEM

Main Components of Linux


Kernel:
• Core of the Linux system, manages processes, memory, and hardware access.
System Libraries:
• Provide standard functions for applications to interact with the kernel.
• Includes libc (C library), which implements the system call interface.
System Utilities:
• Programs that perform system management and specialized tasks.
• Some utilities run once (e.g., system initialization), while others (daemons) run
continuously (e.g., handling network connections, login requests).
COMPONENTS OF A LINUX SYSTEM
2. Kernel vs. User Mode
Kernel Mode:
• Runs in a privileged mode with full access to system resources.
• Executes core OS functions (process scheduling, memory management,
device drivers, etc.).
User Mode:
• Runs applications and system utilities with limited access to system
resources.
• Uses system libraries to interact with the kernel.
COMPONENTS OF A LINUX SYSTEM
3. Monolithic Kernel Design:
Linux uses a monolithic kernel, meaning:
• All kernel components run in a single address space, improving performance.
• No need for context switches when processes call OS functions.
• Device drivers, file systems, and networking code are all part of the kernel.
Modular Design:
• Kernel can dynamically load and unload modules at runtime, similar to shared
libraries in user applications.
COMPONENTS OF A LINUX SYSTEM

4. Kernel Functionality
• Provides core OS features like process management, memory management, file system
handling, and networking.
• Offers protected access to hardware resources.
5. Role of System Libraries
• Act as an interface between applications and the kernel.
• Handle system call execution, argument collection, and formatting.
• Provide additional functionalities:
• Buffered file handling for improved file I/O.
• Sorting algorithms, mathematical functions, string manipulation, etc.
COMPONENTS OF A LINUX SYSTEM
6. User Mode Programs:
System Utilities:
• Programs for system initialization and administration (e.g., networking setup, user management).
User Utilities:
• File management tools (copy, move, delete files, create directories).
• Text editors.
• Shells (CLI interfaces like Bash, Zsh, etc.).

7. Shell – Command-Line Interface:


• The shell is an essential user utility in Linux.
• Linux supports multiple shells; the most common is Bash (Bourne-Again Shell).
THANK YOU!!!!!

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