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Design of Steel Str

The document provides an overview of steel structures, including the types of steel, their mechanical properties, and the importance of connections in structural integrity. It discusses various steel grades, forms, and connection types, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of using steel as a structural material. Additionally, it emphasizes the significance of properly designed connections to ensure the strength and stability of steel structures.

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Rupak Jha
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3 views

Design of Steel Str

The document provides an overview of steel structures, including the types of steel, their mechanical properties, and the importance of connections in structural integrity. It discusses various steel grades, forms, and connection types, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of using steel as a structural material. Additionally, it emphasizes the significance of properly designed connections to ensure the strength and stability of steel structures.

Uploaded by

Rupak Jha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DESIGN OF

STEEL STRUCTURES
Introduction to Steel Structures
Types of Connections
What is Steel?
 Steel is obtained when small quantities of carbon
added to iron.

Melting Point

Curie Point
Which form of Steel we use?
Ferrite - very soft, ductile and low mechanical
strength Perlite - hard, less ductile and high
mechanical strength
 Addition of more carbon increases the
mechanical strength and decreases the ductility

During manufacture, steel is cooled very slowly and


structural steel with pearlite-ferrite microstructure
is formed.
Steel with more than 0.85% carbon has no great
significance in civil engineering.
Less than 0.8% of carbon - hypo-eutectoid steel
More than 0.8% carbon - hyper-eutectoid steel
Stress Strain Curve for Steel
OA − linear - Hooke’s law – Elastic - 2 x 𝟏05
MPa
A – Limit of Proportionality
B - Upper Yield Point , load applied rapidly
C - Lower Yield Point , load applied gradually
CD – Plastic Yielding (strain increases without
increase in stress)
DE – Strain Hardening (strain rapidly increases with
stress increase)
EF – Necking Zone

C – Yield Stress
E – Ultimate Stress
F – Breaking Stress
Grades of Steel
Indian Standard Structural steel and its properties - IS 2062.
Steel is designated as Fe 310, Fe 410 WA, Fe 540 B, etc.,
Fe - Steel (iron + Carbon)
410 - Characteristic Ultimate Tensile Strength of steel in
MPa
A, B or C - Grade of steel
W - Weldable
Grade A steel – structures subjected to normal loading
Grade B steel – structures subjected to critical loading
applications such as members prone to brittle fracture,
severe reversal of stresses as in bridges.
Grade C steel – structures subjected to low temperature and
impact effects.
Mechanical Properties of Steel
Advantages of Steel as Structural material
High strength-to-weight ratio (small sections can
resist heavy loads)
Ductile (not fail suddenly, yield locally, redistribution of
stresses)
Tough (bent, hammered, punched to form bolt holes
without damage)
Properties of steel mostly do not change with time
More elastic and follows Hook’s law upto fairly high
stresses. Hence it behaves closer to the design
assumptions.
Easily handled, transported and erected.
Additions, Alterations, Repair, Strengthening is
simpler.
Recyclable, long life, Cost Effective
Disadvantages of Steel as Structural material
Corrosion - require frequent painting and
maintenance
Strength tremendously reduces at high
temperatures
Weak in Fatigue, Buckling
Forms of Steel
Structural steel products are available in the
following categories based on the cross section:
Hot rolled products
 Flat Hot rolled products : Bars, Flats, Plates, Strips,
Sheets
 Hot rolled sections : Rolled and Hollow sections
Cold rolled products
I Section
ISJB (Indian Standard Junior Beam)
ISLB (Indian Standard Light-weight Beam)
ISMB (Indian Standard Medium-weight Beam)
ISWB (Indian Standard Wide-flange Beam)
ISHB (Indian Standard Heavy-weight Beam)

It is used as beams and columns.


It is best suited to resist Bending moment and
Shear Force.
Bending moment - 80 % by flanges and 20% by
web
Shear Force - 95 % by web and rest by flanges.
Channel Section
ISJC (Indian Standard Junior Channel)
ISLC (Indian Standard Light-weight Channel)
ISMC (Indian Standard Medium-weight
Channel)

It is used in builtup columns.


It is also used as purlins in roof trusses to resist
bending
Suited for sections subjected to unsymmetrical
bending
T Section
ISNT (Indian Standard Normal Tee)
ISHT (Indian Standard Heavy Tee)
ISST (Indian Standard Long Legged Tee)
ISLT (Indian Standard Light Tee)
ISJT (Indian Standard Junior Tee)

Mostly used in connections


T Section and Angle Section
 ISNT (Indian Standard Normal Tee)
 ISHT (Indian Standard Heavy Tee)
 ISST (Indian Standard Long Legged Tee)
 ISLT (Indian Standard Light Tee)
 ISJT (Indian Standard Junior Tee)

 Mostly used in connections

 Indian Standard Equal Angles


 Indian Standard Unequal Angles

 Purlins, tension members, members subjected to sress


reversals
What is a Connection?
A Steel structure is an assemblage
of different components, which are
connected to one another using
fasteners (rivet, bolt, weld, pin).

These components should be


connected together properly, so that
they act as a single unit or
structure.
Why Connections important?
Connections between different
components of a steel structure
facilitate the transfer of forces and
moments from one member to
another.

A structure is only as strong as


its weakest link. So, it is desirable
to avoid connection failure before the
member failure.
Why Connections important?
The connection should be properly
designed and detailed because:

Connection failure may lead to


failure of the whole structure

Connection failure is not as ductile as


a member failure.
Why Connections Complex?
Geometric complexity
Lack of fit, slipping
Connection flexibility
Discrete load transfer (non-continuous)
Variety of configurations
Variability of behavior
Non-linear load deformation
Limitation in fabrication and erection
Complex design Procedures.
TYPES OF CONNECTIONS
 Based on Method of Fastenings
 Riveted connection
 Bolted connection
 Welded connection
 Pin connection
 Based on Connection Rigidity
 Simple connection
 Rigid connection
 Semi-rigid connection
 Based on Joint Resistance
 Bearing connection
 Friction connection
 Based on Type of Force transferred
 Shear connection
 Moment connection
 Shear and Moment connection
 Tension or Compression connection
 Tension or Compression with Shear
 Based on Joint Location
 Beam-to-Beam connection
 Beam-to-Column connection
 Column-to-Foundation connection
 Based on Point of load acting
 Concentric connection
 Eccentric connection
 Based on Fabrication Location
 Shop connection Field connection
Flange Angle Connection
End Plate Connection

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