Unit

2
Robotics and
Systems

Grade 6_Term 2
Week 3_ Lesson 1
Classes rules
 Lesson 1

Week 3
Unit 2
Student Book 52- 58
(SB)
Activity Book 36 - 38
(AB)
Warming up
Learning Objective

Outline the features that

robots have in common
with living systems.
 Robots and
robotics
A robot is a machine that can independently:

 sense its environment.

 carry out calculations to make decisions.
 do actions in the real world.

 Many electronic systems have the ability to sense, compute

and act, for example, traffic control and weather stations.
Robots are different from other electronics because they can
move and/or manipulate things.
 Robots and
robotics
 Robots can be different in size, design,
movement and what they can do.

Robots

Size Capabilities
Some robots are
Design Movement Robots use different
the size of a coin. Robots can be designed Robots may move components to sense,
Others are bigger for specific tasks. Others using wheels or legs compute and act. The
than a car can do many and some can fly. components a robot
different things. uses will change what
it can do.
 Robots can be different in size,
design, movement and what
they can do.
Did you know the difference between robot and a
machine?
A machine is a device that can repeatedly make pre-
designed
motions in order to help us e.g., washing machine.
A robot, on the other hand, is an intelligent device
that can do
much more than a machine. Robots can be
programmed (given
instructions) to perform many tasks. So, even when the
task
they have to do changes, we do not have to change the
 Real-Life Robots

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 Robotics
 Robotics is the study of robots. Robotics is
about designing, building and operating
robots. It is also about the systems and
software used to program and control
robots.

Robotics engineers/designers

A robotics engineer/designer (roboticist)

is a person that designs, builds, programs and
operates robots. You will learn to become a
beginner roboticist.
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 Real-world
applications
Use Description Image

manufacturing These robots work in factories

These robots can be used to

transport/logistics
deliver products

medical These robots work in hospitals

These robots can travel on

space/exploration
difficult surfaces

These robots assist with tasks

home automation
at home
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 Robot parts and
components
When we are trying to understand Our bodies are composed of eleven
how a robot works, it helps to look main organ systems. These systems
at how we operate as humans. A work together to make us functional. We
robot’s components, whether it’s a cannot work properly if any of the

humanoid (human-like) robot or a system is missing

robotic arm, can be related to the

human body.
 Robot parts and components

Although robots can look very complex, they usually only have three human
like systems out of the eleven organ systems in a human body. This makes the
human body far more complicated than any robotic system.

Skeletal system Nervous system Muscular system

 Robot parts and
components
 The skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems have
different names and structures in a robot.

 Robots are built using different parts. There three main parts
of a robot are:
 structural component or the body/ frame
 control system
 actuators
 Structural component or the body/
frame

The structure of a robot is designed

based on the robot’s function rather than
its look. It is the body/frame that gives the
robot its unique shape. Building a robot is
based on understanding the concepts of
its application. The robot can
be designed to be in any shape or size.
 Control system

1. These form the ‘nervous’ system of the robot. This

system includes a set of installed sensors connected to a
microcontroller.
2. The process starts with a variety of inputs, either a sensor
or a human command. The sensor receives data from the
environment, and this data is then sent to the central
processing unit (CPU).
3. The function of the CPU is to process this data and send it
as an output. This decision is made based on the program
Input CPU
written for the robot. (Processing Output
(sensor) unit)
  Some components and devices that can be used as a
robot brain are:

microcontroller minicomput educational robot brains

boards ers
https://makecode.microbit.org
 Unit 2

Robotics and
Systems

Grade 6_Term 2
Week 3_ Lesson 2
 Lesson 2

Week 3
Unit 2
Student Book 59 - 63
(SB)
Activity Book 39 - 42
(AB)
 Warming
up
• Robots are built using
diff erent parts. How many
main parts of a robot?
1- Two parts

2- Three parts

3- Four parts
 Learning Objective

Investigate the
appropriate use Examine the use
of sensors for a of controlling
specific system devices
 Actuators
 Motors, gears, and wheels, play the
‘muscular’ system role in robotics. Actuators
are all the components we rely on to generate
motion in our robots. These can help our
robots drive or perform specific tasks such as
picking and placing objects.

actuat motor whee gears

or ls
Actuators

Every mechanism and system require

an actuator so that it can move.
Actuators require a signal to operate.
Usually, the energy of that signal
determines the power and speed
applied by the actuator.
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oy906824ea
 Use a google searcher to
look more information
about Robot

 After you finish you can

send your answers in
LMS
Discussion in
LMS
 Components to sense, compute,
and act
 Each component in the robot has a single purpose, either to
sense, compute, or act.
 Sensors can be used by a robot to sense the world. Robots
Sense may use more than one sensor.
 Components to sense, compute,
and act
Sense Some components that can be used for
sensing are:

 ambient light
sensor
 cameras
 distance sensor
 IR sensor
 line sensor
 motion sensor
 Components to sense, compute,
and act

compute  The computing part processes inputs from sensors. This

decides how a robot will act. Some components and
devices that can be used for processing are:

microcontroller minicompute educational robot

boards rs brains
 Components to sense, compute,
and act

Act A robot acts (does actions) by moving around or manipulating

things. Robot actions use electrical components and mechanical
parts. Some components that can be used to do actions are:

~ actuators
~ servomotors
Components that you can
use to build your own
robots.

Sens
e
 Components that you can
use to build your own
robots.

comput
e

Act
 Components that you can
use to build your own
robots.

Extra
components
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https://wordwall.net/resource/45428450
 Unit
2
Robotics and
Systems

Grade 6_Term 2
Week 3_ Lesson 3
 Lesson 3

Week 3
Unit 2
Student Book (SB) 64 - 68
Activity Book (AB) 43 - 44
 Warming
up
• In one or two word describe the Robot?
Learning Objective

Examine the use of

actuators in controlling
robots.
 Actuators in controlling
robots
Actuators are the parts responsible
for generating motion in a robot.
Actuators
require a signal to operate. You can
control the power of an actuator by
controlling
the signal. Higher signal value means
more actuator power Actuators types based on
motion direction

Rotational Liner
actuators actuators
 Actuators in controlling
robots

Normally a robot uses a combination of rotational and

linear actuators for its movement. To simplify robot uses
rotational actuators to produce motion incircles and
linear actuators to produce motion in one/straight
direction

Robot wheels are Example of linear

example of rotational actuators are robot
actuators used to arms to move up and
move in different down
 DC
motors
DC motors means direct current motors.
Do you know some of the electric cars use
DC motors. Robots like cleaning robots,
personal assistant robots use DC motors.
Advantage of DC motors is it can be
operated using battery power.

Electric car Cleaning Personal assitant

robot robot
 How DC motors work?

DC motors are the simplest types of

motors that are commonly used in
various applications.

It has three main parts:

~ armature (coil often called rotor)

~ magnet
~ frame that contains the stator
(case)
DC motors Parts

 Function: convert electrical

energy to mechanical
energy
 Speed: speed is controlled
by changing the amount of
electrical energy passed
through the motor. It means
you can control speed of the
motor by changing the input
voltage.
 Servo motors

 A servo motor is a rotational actuator which can

push or rotate an object with

Inside a servo motor, there are three main

components:
a small DC
motor.
a
potentiome
a control
ter.
circuit.
 Servo motors

 The motor is attached to the

control wheel using gears. As
the motor rotates, the
potentiometer’s resistance
changes. This allows the control
circuit to precisely control how
much movement there is and in
which direction.
 Servo motors

Controlling a servo motor

To control the speed and direction
of a servo motor, the controller
needs to send
a precisely timed signal for the
servo to understand.
Before using motors together, we sometimes need to calibrate them,
so they
work properly together. You will also create a program to control the
speed of
the servo motors.
• example of a servomotor
program with a stop
instruction.
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 Thank you
and see you next
class